Free-floating car-sharing electrification and mode displacement: Travel time and usage patterns from 12 cities in Europe and the United States
•Free-floating car sharing (FFCS) is studied through booking data in 12 cities.•Rental times are compared with travel times for alternative modes.•Rental times are often longer than biking times.•Public transport is often slower but the time gain with FFCS is not always that large.•Usage patterns di...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment Jg. 71; H. SI; S. 127 - 140 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.06.2019
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| ISSN: | 1361-9209, 1879-2340, 1879-2340 |
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| Abstract | •Free-floating car sharing (FFCS) is studied through booking data in 12 cities.•Rental times are compared with travel times for alternative modes.•Rental times are often longer than biking times.•Public transport is often slower but the time gain with FFCS is not always that large.•Usage patterns differ between electric and conventional vehicles, but the spread is large.
Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS has the potential to contribute to a transition to low-carbon mobility if the vehicles are electric, and if the usage does not displace active travel or public transport use. The aim of this paper is to study what travel time and usage patterns of the vehicles among the early adopters of the service reveal about these two issues.
We base our analysis on a dataset containing rentals from 2014 to 2017, for 12 cities in Europe and the United States. For seven of these cities, we have collected travel times for equivalent trips with walking, biking, public transport and private car.
FFCS services are mainly used for shorter trips with a median rental time of 27 min and actual driving time closer to 15 min. When comparing FFCS with other transport modes, we find that rental times are generally shorter than the equivalent walking time but longer than cycling. For public transport, the picture is mixed: for some trips there is no major time gain from taking FFCS, for others it could be up to 30 min.
For electric FFCS vehicles rental time is shorter and the number of rentals per car and day are slightly fewer compared to conventional vehicles. Still, evidence from cities with an only electric fleet show that these services can be electrified and reach high levels of utilization. |
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| AbstractList | Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS has the potential to contribute to a transition to low-carbon mobility if the vehicles are electric, and if the usage does not displace active travel or public transport use. The aim of this paper is to study what travel time and usage patterns of the vehicles among the early adopters of the service reveal about these two issues. We base our analysis on a dataset containing rentals from 2014 to 2017, for 12 cities in Europe and the United States. For seven of these cities, we have collected travel times for equivalent trips with walking, biking, public transport and private car. FFCS services are mainly used for shorter trips with a median rental time of 27 min and actual driving time closer to 15 min. When comparing FFCS with other transport modes, we find that rental times are generally shorter than the equivalent walking time but longer than cycling. For public transport, the picture is mixed: for some trips there is no major time gain from taking FFCS, for others it could be up to 30 min. For electric FFCS vehicles rental time is shorter and the number of rentals per car and day are slightly fewer compared to conventional vehicles. Still, evidence from cities with an only electric fleet show that these services can be electrified and reach high levels of utilization. •Free-floating car sharing (FFCS) is studied through booking data in 12 cities.•Rental times are compared with travel times for alternative modes.•Rental times are often longer than biking times.•Public transport is often slower but the time gain with FFCS is not always that large.•Usage patterns differ between electric and conventional vehicles, but the spread is large. Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS has the potential to contribute to a transition to low-carbon mobility if the vehicles are electric, and if the usage does not displace active travel or public transport use. The aim of this paper is to study what travel time and usage patterns of the vehicles among the early adopters of the service reveal about these two issues. We base our analysis on a dataset containing rentals from 2014 to 2017, for 12 cities in Europe and the United States. For seven of these cities, we have collected travel times for equivalent trips with walking, biking, public transport and private car. FFCS services are mainly used for shorter trips with a median rental time of 27 min and actual driving time closer to 15 min. When comparing FFCS with other transport modes, we find that rental times are generally shorter than the equivalent walking time but longer than cycling. For public transport, the picture is mixed: for some trips there is no major time gain from taking FFCS, for others it could be up to 30 min. For electric FFCS vehicles rental time is shorter and the number of rentals per car and day are slightly fewer compared to conventional vehicles. Still, evidence from cities with an only electric fleet show that these services can be electrified and reach high levels of utilization. Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS has the potential to contribute to a transition to low-carbon mobility if the vehicles are electric, and if the usage does not displace active travel or public transport use. The aim of this paper is to study what travel time and usage patterns of the vehicles among the early adopters of the service reveal about these two issues. We base our analysis on a dataset containing rentals from 2014 to 2017, for 12 cities in Europe and the United States. For seven of these cities, we have collected travel times for equivalent trips with walking, biking, public transport and private car. FFCS services are mainly used for shorter trips with a median rental time of 27 min and actual driving time closer to 15 min. When comparing FFCS with other transport modes, we find that rental times are generally shorter than the equivalent walking time but longer than cycling. For public transport, the picture is mixed: for some trips there is no major time gain from taking FFCS, for others it could be up to 30 min. For electric FFCS vehicles rental time is shorter and the number of rentals per car and day are slightly fewer compared to conventional vehicles. Still, evidence from cities with an only electric fleet show that these services can be electrified and reach high levels of utilization. © 2018 The Authors |
| Author | Voronov, Alex Englund, Cristofer Sprei, Frances Wedlin, Johan Habibi, Shiva Pettersson, Stefan |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s11116-015-9607-0 10.1080/15568318.2016.1220653 10.1016/j.trd.2018.08.003 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.09.005 10.1007/s11116-015-9606-1 10.1002/bse.738 10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.008 10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.005 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.014 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.12.092 10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.10.007 10.1080/01441640902943453 10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.11.001 10.3141/2416-05 10.1016/j.trc.2017.06.008 10.1080/15568318.2012.660103 10.5038/2375-0901.6.4.3 |
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| Keywords | Electric vehicles Travel time Alternative trips Usage patterns Shared mobility Free-floating car-sharing |
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| Snippet | •Free-floating car sharing (FFCS) is studied through booking data in 12 cities.•Rental times are compared with travel times for alternative modes.•Rental times... Free-floating car-sharing (FFCS) allows users to book a vehicle through their phone, use it and return it anywhere within a designated area in the city. FFCS... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alternative trips Electric vehicles Floating car Free-floating car-sharing Low carbon Mode-displacements Public transport Shared mobility Time gain Transport modes Travel time Usage patterns Vehicles |
| Title | Free-floating car-sharing electrification and mode displacement: Travel time and usage patterns from 12 cities in Europe and the United States |
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