Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults

Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coro...

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Published in:	Acta Paediatrica Vol. 109; no. 6; pp. 1088 - 1095
Main Author:	Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Norway Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2020 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	2019-nCoV Betacoronavirus Child Children Coronaviridae Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - therapy Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease Outbreaks Disease transmission Fever Humans Infants Inflammation Literature reviews Lymphopenia newborn Pandemics Pediatrics Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - therapy Prognosis Review SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Systematic review COVID-19 SARS-CoV2 coronavirus 2019-nCoV newborn children
ISSN:	0803-5253, 1651-2227, 1651-2227
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. Results The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%‐5% of diagnosed COVID‐19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID‐19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. Conclusions The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare.
AbstractList	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare. AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020.ResultsThe search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%‐5% of diagnosed COVID‐19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID‐19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances.ConclusionsThe coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare. Aim : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods : A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. Results : The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. Conclusions : The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.AIMThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020.METHODSA systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020.The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances.RESULTSThe search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances.The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare.CONCLUSIONSThe coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare. Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. Results The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%‐5% of diagnosed COVID‐19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID‐19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. Conclusions The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare.
Author	Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Paediatrics Orebro University Hospital Orebro Sweden 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 3 Division of Epidemiology and Public Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham UK 4 Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Division of Epidemiology and Public Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham UK – name: 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden – name: 2 Department of Paediatrics Orebro University Hospital Orebro Sweden – name: 4 Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jonas F. surname: Ludvigsson fullname: Ludvigsson, Jonas F. email: jonasludvigsson@yahoo.com organization: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202343$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-81418$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Örebro universitet) http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:143399041$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Karolinska Institutet)
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Snippet	Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. Methods... The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. A... AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.MethodsA... The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare.AIMThe... Aim : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare....
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SubjectTerms	2019-nCoV Betacoronavirus Child Children Coronaviridae Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - therapy Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease Outbreaks Disease transmission Fever Humans Infants Inflammation Literature reviews Lymphopenia newborn Pandemics Pediatrics Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - therapy Prognosis Review SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Systematic review
Title	Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults
URI	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fapa.15270 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202343 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2399775386 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2381843084 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7228328 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-81418 http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:143399041
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