Longitudinal high-throughput TCR repertoire profiling reveals the dynamics of T-cell memory formation after mild COVID-19 infection

COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. T cells play a key role in the adaptive antiviral immune response by killing infected cells and facilitating the selection of virus-specific antibodies. However, neither the dynamics and cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T...

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Published in:eLife Vol. 10
Main Authors: Minervina, Anastasia A, Komech, Ekaterina A, Titov, Aleksei, Bensouda Koraichi, Meriem, Rosati, Elisa, Mamedov, Ilgar Z, Franke, Andre, Efimov, Grigory A, Chudakov, Dmitriy M, Mora, Thierry, Walczak, Aleksandra M, Lebedev, Yuri B, Pogorelyy, Mikhail V
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 05.01.2021
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
eLife Sciences Publication
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Antibodies
Antigens
Antiviral agents
Antiviral drugs
B cells
CD4 antigen
CD8 antigen
Cloning
Computational and Systems Biology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - physiopathology
COVID-19 vaccines
Cross Reactions
Cross-reactivity
Epidemics
Epitope Mapping
Female
Fever
Gene Library
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Histocompatibility Testing
Humans
Immune response
Immunologic Memory
Immunological memory
Immunology and Inflammation
Infection
Infections
Life Sciences
Longitudinal Studies
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Male
Memory cells
Pandemics
Peptides
Phenotypes
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - chemistry
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - genetics
RepSeq
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Short Report
T cell receptors
T cells
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
TCR
Viral antibodies
Viral infections
COVID-19
computational biology
systems biology
RepSeq
SARS-CoV-2
TCR
inflammation
human
immunology
ISSN:2050-084X, 2050-084X
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Summary:COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. T cells play a key role in the adaptive antiviral immune response by killing infected cells and facilitating the selection of virus-specific antibodies. However, neither the dynamics and cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response nor the diversity of resulting immune memory is well understood. In this study, we use longitudinal high-throughput T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to track changes in the T-cell repertoire following two mild cases of COVID-19. In both donors, we identified CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell clones with transient clonal expansion after infection. We describe characteristic motifs in TCR sequences of COVID-19-reactive clones and show preferential occurrence of these motifs in publicly available large dataset of repertoires from COVID-19 patients. We show that in both donors, the majority of infection-reactive clonotypes acquire memory phenotypes. Certain T-cell clones were detected in the memory fraction at the pre-infection time point, suggesting participation of pre-existing cross-reactive memory T cells in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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ISSN:2050-084X
2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/eLife.63502