Asthma and the risk of gastrointestinal disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

Background The question of whether asthma is causally related to gastrointestinal disorders remained unanswered so far. Thus, this study investigated whether there is such a relation and whether the time of onset of asthma plays a role in the occurrence of the following gastrointestinal disorders: p...

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Published in:BMC medicine Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 82 - 8
Main Authors: Freuer, Dennis, Linseisen, Jakob, Meisinger, Christa
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 16.03.2022
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects:
Adult
Asthma
Asthma - epidemiology
Asthma - genetics
Asthma in children
Biomedicine
Complications and side effects
Crohn’s disease
Gastrointestinal diseases
Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology
Gastrointestinal Diseases - genetics
Gastrointestinal disorders
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - complications
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - epidemiology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - genetics
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mendelian randomization
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Peptic ulcer disease
Prevention
Research Article
Risk factors
Ulcerative colitis
Germany
Inflammatory bowel disease
Peptic ulcer disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Irritable bowel syndrome
Gastrointestinal disorders
Mendelian randomization
Asthma
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
ISSN:1741-7015, 1741-7015
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Summary:Background The question of whether asthma is causally related to gastrointestinal disorders remained unanswered so far. Thus, this study investigated whether there is such a relation and whether the time of onset of asthma plays a role in the occurrence of the following gastrointestinal disorders: peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including the distinction between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Using summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we ran Mendelian randomization analyses based on up to 456,327 European participants. Outlier assessment, a series of sensitivity analyses and validation of IBD results in a second GWAS were performed to confirm the results. Results Presented ORs represent the average change in the outcome per 2.72-fold increase in the prevalence of the exposure. Genetically predicted childhood-onset asthma was positively associated with PUD, GORD, and IBS with similar odds ratios near 1.003 and adjusted P -values from 0.007 (GORD) to 0.047 (PUD). Furthermore, it was inversely related to IBD (OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.986, 0.998, adjusted P  = 0.023) and suggestively associated with its UC subtype (OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.982, 0.998, adjusted P  = 0.059). There were no associations between genetically predicted adult-onset asthma and the mentioned gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the presence of asthma onset in childhood increases the risk for GORD, PUD, and IBS but decreases the risk for IBD in adults. The lower risk for IBD may be attributed to a lower risk primarily for UC.
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ISSN:1741-7015
1741-7015
DOI:10.1186/s12916-022-02283-7