A review on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biocidal properties

Use of silver and silver salts is as old as human civilization but the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has only recently been recognized. They have been specifically used in agriculture and medicine as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidants. It has been demonstrated that Ag NPs arre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 14 - 28
Main Authors: Siddiqi, Khwaja Salahuddin, Husen, Azamal, Rao, Rifaqat A. K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 16.02.2018
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antifungal agents
Antifungal Agents - chemistry
Antifungal Agents - pharmacology
Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use
Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Antioxidants - therapeutic use
Bacteria
Bacteria - cytology
Bacteria - drug effects
Bacteria - metabolism
Bacterial Infections - drug therapy
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Biotechnology
Cell death
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Dosage and administration
Escherichia coli
Fungi - cytology
Fungi - drug effects
Fungi - metabolism
Green Chemistry Technology - methods
Green synthesis
Humans
Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - therapeutic use
Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Molecular Medicine
Mycoses - drug therapy
Mycoses - microbiology
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology - methods
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Review
Silver
Silver - chemistry
Silver - pharmacology
Silver - therapeutic use
Silver nanoparticles
Silver salts
Toxicity mechanism
Toxicity mechanism
Antimicrobial activity
Green synthesis
Antioxidant activity
Silver nanoparticles
ISSN:1477-3155, 1477-3155
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Use of silver and silver salts is as old as human civilization but the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has only recently been recognized. They have been specifically used in agriculture and medicine as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidants. It has been demonstrated that Ag NPs arrest the growth and multiplication of many bacteria such as Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , Citrobacter koseri , Salmonella typhii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and fungus Candida albicans by binding Ag/Ag + with the biomolecules present in the microbial cells. It has been suggested that Ag NPs produce reactive oxygen species and free radicals which cause apoptosis leading to cell death preventing their replication. Since Ag NPs are smaller than the microorganisms, they diffuse into cell and rupture the cell wall which has been shown from SEM and TEM images of the suspension containing nanoparticles and pathogens. It has also been shown that smaller nanoparticles are more toxic than the bigger ones. Ag NPs are also used in packaging to prevent damage of food products by pathogens. The toxicity of Ag NPs is dependent on the size, concentration, pH of the medium and exposure time to pathogens.
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ISSN:1477-3155
1477-3155
DOI:10.1186/s12951-018-0334-5