Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial

Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker p...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of translational medicine Jg. 22; H. 1; S. 40 - 17
Hauptverfasser: Olsen, Thomas, Stolt, Emma, Øvrebø, Bente, Elshorbagy, Amany, Tore, Elena C., Lee-Ødegård, Sindre, Troensegaard, Hannibal, Johannessen, Hanna, Doeland, Beate, Vo, Anna A. D., Dahl, Anja F., Svendsen, Karianne, Thoresen, Magne, Refsum, Helga, Rising, Russell, Barvíková, Kristýna, van Greevenbroek, Marleen, Kožich, Viktor, Retterstøl, Kjetil, Vinknes, Kathrine J.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London BioMed Central 09.01.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
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ISSN:1479-5876, 1479-5876
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Abstract Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. Methods N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2  g /day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6  g /day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. Results SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI − 1.14 (− 2.04, − 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Conclusion Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346
AbstractList Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www. gov/study/NCT04701346.
Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. Methods N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2  g /day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6  g /day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. Results SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI − 1.14 (− 2.04, − 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Conclusion Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls ([beta] 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans.
Abstract Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. Methods N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. Results SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI − 1.14 (− 2.04, − 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Conclusion Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346
Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. Methods N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. Results SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls ([beta] 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Conclusion Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, Keywords: Sulfur amino acid restriction, Methionine restriction, Cysteine, Overweight, Obesity, Randomized controlled trial, Dietary intervention, Weight loss, Leptin
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity.BACKGROUNDDietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity.N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex.METHODSN = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex.SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated.RESULTSSAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated.Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans.CONCLUSIONOur study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.gov/study/NCT04701346.CLINICALTRIALSgov/study/NCT04701346.
BackgroundDietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity.MethodsN = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex.ResultsSAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI − 1.14 (− 2.04, − 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated.ConclusionOur study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346
ArticleNumber 40
Audience Academic
Author Stolt, Emma
Tore, Elena C.
Vinknes, Kathrine J.
Olsen, Thomas
Rising, Russell
Lee-Ødegård, Sindre
Doeland, Beate
Elshorbagy, Amany
Svendsen, Karianne
Johannessen, Hanna
Retterstøl, Kjetil
Kožich, Viktor
Øvrebø, Bente
Vo, Anna A. D.
Troensegaard, Hannibal
Refsum, Helga
Barvíková, Kristýna
Dahl, Anja F.
Thoresen, Magne
van Greevenbroek, Marleen
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thomas
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1805-5221
  surname: Olsen
  fullname: Olsen, Thomas
  email: thomas.olsen@medisin.uio.no
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Emma
  surname: Stolt
  fullname: Stolt, Emma
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  givenname: Bente
  surname: Øvrebø
  fullname: Øvrebø, Bente
  organization: Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
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  givenname: Amany
  surname: Elshorbagy
  fullname: Elshorbagy, Amany
  organization: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Elena C.
  surname: Tore
  fullname: Tore, Elena C.
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University
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  surname: Lee-Ødegård
  fullname: Lee-Ødegård, Sindre
  organization: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
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  givenname: Hannibal
  surname: Troensegaard
  fullname: Troensegaard, Hannibal
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  givenname: Hanna
  surname: Johannessen
  fullname: Johannessen, Hanna
  organization: Department of Paedriatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet
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  givenname: Beate
  surname: Doeland
  fullname: Doeland, Beate
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  surname: Vo
  fullname: Vo, Anna A. D.
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  surname: Svendsen
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  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Magne
  surname: Thoresen
  fullname: Thoresen, Magne
  organization: Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
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  surname: Refsum
  fullname: Refsum, Helga
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford
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  givenname: Russell
  surname: Rising
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  organization: D&S Consulting Services, Inc
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Kristýna
  surname: Barvíková
  fullname: Barvíková, Kristýna
  organization: Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital
– sequence: 17
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  surname: van Greevenbroek
  fullname: van Greevenbroek, Marleen
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University
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  givenname: Viktor
  surname: Kožich
  fullname: Kožich, Viktor
  organization: Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Kjetil
  surname: Retterstøl
  fullname: Retterstøl, Kjetil
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Kathrine J.
  surname: Vinknes
  fullname: Vinknes, Kathrine J.
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38195568$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Obesity
Cysteine
Dietary intervention
Leptin
Weight loss
Sulfur amino acid restriction
Randomized controlled trial
Methionine restriction
Overweight
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
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Snippet Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body...
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight,...
Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body...
BackgroundDietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body...
Abstract Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary...
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SubjectTerms Adipose tissue
Amino acids
Amino Acids, Sulfur
Analysis
Apolipoproteins
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body composition
Body fat
Body weight
Body weight loss
Care and treatment
Cholesterol
Clinical trials
Compliance
Complications and side effects
Cysteine
Diabetes
Diet
Dosage and administration
Down-regulation
Exercise
Female
Food
Gene expression
Hormones
Humans
Insulin-like growth factors
Intervention
Ketone Bodies
Ketones
Leptin
Liver
Male
Medicine/Public Health
Metabolic rate
Metabolites
Methionine
Methionine restriction
Nutrition & metabolism
Obesity
Overweight
Oxidation
Peptides
Plasma
Proteins
Randomized controlled trial
Ribosomes
Social life & customs
Sulfur
Sulfur amino acid restriction
Triglycerides
Weight control
Weight Loss
Womens health
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Title Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-023-04833-w
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