Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial

Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker p...

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Published in:Journal of translational medicine Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 40 - 17
Main Authors: Olsen, Thomas, Stolt, Emma, Øvrebø, Bente, Elshorbagy, Amany, Tore, Elena C., Lee-Ødegård, Sindre, Troensegaard, Hannibal, Johannessen, Hanna, Doeland, Beate, Vo, Anna A. D., Dahl, Anja F., Svendsen, Karianne, Thoresen, Magne, Refsum, Helga, Rising, Russell, Barvíková, Kristýna, van Greevenbroek, Marleen, Kožich, Viktor, Retterstøl, Kjetil, Vinknes, Kathrine J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 09.01.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Amino acids
Amino Acids, Sulfur
Analysis
Apolipoproteins
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body composition
Body fat
Body weight
Body weight loss
Care and treatment
Cholesterol
Clinical trials
Compliance
Complications and side effects
Cysteine
Diabetes
Diet
Dosage and administration
Down-regulation
Exercise
Female
Food
Gene expression
Hormones
Humans
Insulin-like growth factors
Intervention
Ketone Bodies
Ketones
Leptin
Liver
Male
Medicine/Public Health
Metabolic rate
Metabolites
Methionine
Methionine restriction
Nutrition & metabolism
Obesity
Overweight
Oxidation
Peptides
Plasma
Proteins
Randomized controlled trial
Ribosomes
Social life & customs
Sulfur
Sulfur amino acid restriction
Triglycerides
Weight control
Weight Loss
Womens health
Norway
Obesity
Cysteine
Dietary intervention
Leptin
Weight loss
Sulfur amino acid restriction
Randomized controlled trial
Methionine restriction
Overweight
ISSN:1479-5876, 1479-5876
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Background Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. Methods N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2  g /day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6  g /day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. Results SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI − 1.14 (− 2.04, − 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. Conclusion Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346
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ISSN:1479-5876
1479-5876
DOI:10.1186/s12967-023-04833-w