Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications

Background Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life cycle of the virus and/or the adverse effects (e.g., multi-organ collapse) that are triggered by COVID-19-mediated adu...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of biomedical science Ročník 28; číslo 1; s. 9 - 18
Hlavní autoři:	Trougakos, Ioannis P., Stamatelopoulos, Kimon, Terpos, Evangelos, Tsitsilonis, Ourania E., Aivalioti, Evmorfia, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Kastritis, Efstathios, Pavlakis, George N., Dimopoulos, Meletios A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 12.01.2021 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Témata:	ACE2 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Adaptive immunity Adult respiratory distress syndrome Age Angiotensin II Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Antigen presentation Antigens ARDS Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Complications and side effects Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - drug therapy COVID-19 - physiopathology COVID-19 - virology Cycle ratio Cytokine storm Cytokines Disease transmission Gastrointestinal system Gastrointestinal tract Humans Immune response Immune system Infection Inflammation Kidneys Life Cycle Stages Life cycles Organotropism Proto-Oncogene Mas Review SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Storm damage TMPRSS2 Viral diseases Viral infections Virus diseases Viruses COVID-19 ACE2 TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 ARDS
ISSN:	1423-0127, 1021-7770, 1423-0127
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Background Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life cycle of the virus and/or the adverse effects (e.g., multi-organ collapse) that are triggered by COVID-19-mediated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or other pathologies. Main body COVID-19 is a two-phase disease being marked by ( phase 1 ) increased virus transmission and infection rates due to the wide expression of the main infection-related ACE2 , TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L human genes in tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as by ( phase 2 ) host- and probably sex- and/or age-specific uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which drive hyper-cytokinemia, aggressive inflammation and (due to broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2) collateral tissue damage and systemic failure likely because of imbalanced ACE/ANGII/AT1R and ACE2/ANG(1–7)/MASR axes signaling. Conclusion Here we discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related “cytokine storm” and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1423-0127 1021-7770 1423-0127
DOI:	10.1186/s12929-020-00703-5