Precision medicine and phenotypes, endotypes, genotypes, regiotypes, and theratypes of allergic diseases

A rapidly developing paradigm for modern health care is a proactive and individualized response to patients' symptoms, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Precision medicine is becoming an overarching medical discipline that will require a better understanding of biomarker...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 129; no. 4; pp. 1493 - 1503
Main Authors: Agache, Ioana, Akdis, Cezmi A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01.04.2019
Subjects:
Allergens
Allergic diseases
Allergy
Asthma
B cells
Big data
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Biomedical research
Care and treatment
Chronic illnesses
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Dermatitis
Diagnosis
Disease management
Fibroblasts
Food allergies
Gene expression
Genotypes
Health care costs
Inflammation
Medical economics
Medicine
Patient outcomes
Patients
Phenotypes
Precision medicine
Review Series
Risk factors
ISSN:0021-9738, 1558-8238, 1558-8238
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:A rapidly developing paradigm for modern health care is a proactive and individualized response to patients' symptoms, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Precision medicine is becoming an overarching medical discipline that will require a better understanding of biomarkers, phenotypes, endotypes, genotypes, regiotypes, and theratypes of diseases. The 100-year-old personalized allergen-specific management of allergic diseases has particularly contributed to early awareness in precision medicine. Polyomics, big data, and systems biology have demonstrated a profound complexity and dynamic variability in allergic disease between individuals, as well as between regions. Escalating health care costs together with questionable efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases facilitated the emergence of the endotype-driven approach. We describe here a precision medicine approach that stratifies patients based on disease mechanisms to optimize management of allergic diseases.
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ISSN:0021-9738
1558-8238
1558-8238
DOI:10.1172/JCI124611