Clustering of pediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease in Finland: a nationwide register-based study
Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset usi...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | BMC gastroenterology Ročník 22; číslo 1; s. 512 - 5 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
London
BioMed Central
12.12.2022
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1471-230X, 1471-230X |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | Background
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data.
Methods
We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992–2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn’s, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez’s Q with an open-access python program
pyjacqQ
.
Results
The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (
p
= 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (
p
= 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (
p
< 10
− 8
).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data.
We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992-2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn's, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez's Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ.
The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10
).
Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data. Methods We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992–2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn’s, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez’s Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ. Results The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10− 8). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data. Methods We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992–2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn’s, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez’s Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ . Results The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls ( p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months ( p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories ( p < 10 − 8 ). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data. Methods We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992-2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn's, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez's Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ. Results The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10.sup.- 8). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Crohn's disease, Environment, Epidemiology, Ulcerative colitis Abstract Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data. Methods We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992–2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn’s, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez’s Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ. Results The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10− 8). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data. We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992-2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn's, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez's Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ. The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10.sup.- 8). Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data.BACKGROUNDThe incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental factors in etiology but lends no clues about specific agents. We evaluated clustering in time and place of residence at PIBD onset using a case-control setting with comprehensive nationwide register data.We included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992-2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn's, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez's Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ.METHODSWe included all PIBD cases diagnosed at ages < 18 years during 1992-2017 (3748 cases; median age of 14.6; 2316 (58%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1432 with Crohn's, and 18,740 age- and sex-matched controls) and constructed complete residential histories (including coordinates) from the national database until the date of the diagnosis of the case assigned as index date for the controls. Using the coordinates of the addresses of the subjects and the diagnosis/index dates, we evaluated clustering in time and place using the Knox test. Four temporal (2, 4, 6, 12 months) and four distance (0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 km) thresholds were used, and results were calculated separately for Crohn´s disease and UC. Similar analyses were conducted using the addresses at birth and the addresses five years before the diagnosis or index date. Based on the threshold values displaying the most clustering in the Knox test, logistic regression models were built to identify whether sex, age at diagnosis or the year of diagnosis affected the probability of belonging to a cluster. To analyze clustering in time and place throughout the residential histories, we used Jacquez's Q with an open-access python program pyjacqQ.The mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10- 8).RESULTSThe mean number of residencies until the index date was 2.91 for cases and 3.05 for controls (p = 0.0003). Knox test indicated residential clustering for UC with thresholds of 500 m between locations and time-period of four months (p = 0.004). In the regression analysis, sex, age at diagnosis or year of UC diagnosis did not show differences between the clustered and other cases. Jacquez Q analyses showed higher than expected frequency of clustered cases throughout residential histories (p < 10- 8).Our findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that the incidence of PIBD, especially of UC, exhibits clustering in locations of residencies over time. For the clustered cases, environmental triggers warrant future studies. |
| ArticleNumber | 512 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Nikkilä, Atte Kolho, Kaija-Leena Auvinen, Anssi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Atte surname: Nikkilä fullname: Nikkilä, Atte organization: Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University – sequence: 2 givenname: Anssi surname: Auvinen fullname: Auvinen, Anssi organization: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Kaija-Leena surname: Kolho fullname: Kolho, Kaija-Leena email: kaija-leena.kolho@helsinki.fi organization: Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUS |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36503475$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kl2L1DAUhousuB_6B7yQgjfedM1Hm7ReCMvg6sKCNwrehTQ5GTO0yZikLvPvTafrOrPIEkrS5Hnf9py858WJ8w6K4jVGlxi37H3EpOWsQoTkp-FdhZ8VZ7jmuCIU_Tg5WJ8W5zFuEMK8JfRFcUpZg2jNm7PCrIYpJgjWrUtvyi1oK1OwqvQuQiqtM4McR5l82JW9v4Oh1DaCjJCPymvrBun0h1KWTibr3Z3VUAZY29my6jOmy5gmvXtZPDdyiPDqfr4ovl9_-rb6Ut1-_XyzurqtFEM8VS1v8gAkmQHOtcwvWkmOMGZcNqpG1CBDDHRE17ytdcOpBoRbAKIpbTW9KG4WX-3lRmyDHWXYCS-t2G_4sBYyJKsGEJr0qFeaNbWua0VR18oeE9MjjbITn70-Ll7bqR9BK3ApyOHI9PjE2Z9i7X-LjteUEZYN3t0bBP9rgpjEaKOCIfcM_BQF4Q1ljDW4zujbR-jGT8HlVs1UwyjpyAG1lrmAfDc-f1fNpuKKk45jRlqUqcv_UHloGK3KETI27x8J3hwW-lDh35RkgCyACj7GAOYBwUjMURRLFEWOothHUeAsah-JlE37lOTfscPTUrpI43YOJoR_3XhC9QcFefJ0 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3748_wjg_v29_i23_3688 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvh_2024_1463016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_annepidem_2023_02_003 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw148 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.012 10.1007/s10620-019-05648-w 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2741 10.1016/j.sste.2012.09.002 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-021020 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac138 10.18637/jss.v074.i06 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001050 10.1093/aje/kwr400 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.045 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00494.x |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2022 2022. The Author(s). COPYRIGHT 2022 BioMed Central Ltd. 2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2022 – notice: 2022. The Author(s). – notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7QP 7QR 7T5 7X7 7XB 88E 8FD 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH H94 K9. M0S M1P P64 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12876-022-02579-1 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Technology Research Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Engineering Research Database Proquest Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Immunology Abstracts Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1471-230X |
| EndPage | 5 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_d2b0bcd654d44c3098ab12fb0d038d7d PMC9743626 A729716280 36503475 10_1186_s12876_022_02579_1 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Finland |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Finland |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Helsinki University Hospital grantid: TYH2018212 and TYH2020217 – fundername: Pediatric Research Foundation – fundername: ; – fundername: ; grantid: TYH2018212 and TYH2020217 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 0R~ 23N 2WC 53G 5VS 6J9 6PF 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AASML AAWTL ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACGFS ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ ADUKV AEAQA AENEX AFKRA AFPKN AHBYD AHMBA AHYZX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU CS3 DIK E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBD EBLON EBS EMB EMK EMOBN ESX F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR INH INR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 M~E O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PUEGO RBZ RNS ROL RPM RSV SMD SOJ SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB AAYXX AFFHD CITATION -A0 3V. ACRMQ ADINQ ALIPV C24 CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QP 7QR 7T5 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC DWQXO FR3 H94 K9. P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-875757e0a6fe77da757dca701167a5c403f0f2fe92d4784d573de018ee2d338d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RSV |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 2 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000897885600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1471-230X |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:46:44 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:07:28 EST 2025 Fri Sep 05 08:24:23 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 05:12:28 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:40:34 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 17:54:05 EST 2025 Thu Jan 02 22:52:37 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:24:14 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:15:46 EST 2025 Sat Sep 06 07:35:50 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Cluster analysis Environment Epidemiology Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis |
| Language | English |
| License | 2022. The Author(s). Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c607t-875757e0a6fe77da757dca701167a5c403f0f2fe92d4784d573de018ee2d338d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12876-022-02579-1 |
| PMID | 36503475 |
| PQID | 2755632924 |
| PQPubID | 44673 |
| PageCount | 5 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_d2b0bcd654d44c3098ab12fb0d038d7d pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9743626 proquest_miscellaneous_2753666514 proquest_journals_2755632924 gale_infotracmisc_A729716280 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A729716280 pubmed_primary_36503475 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12876_022_02579_1 crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12876_022_02579_1 springer_journals_10_1186_s12876_022_02579_1 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-12-12 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-12-12 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2022 text: 2022-12-12 day: 12 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | BMC gastroenterology |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | BMC Gastroenterol |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | BMC Gastroenterol |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | BioMed Central BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: BioMed Central – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: Springer Nature B.V – name: BMC |
| References | M Zhao (2579_CR8) 2019; 64 Y Shan (2579_CR4) 2022; 73 S Jirjies (2579_CR11) 2016; 74 LJ Virta (2579_CR2) 2017; 11 2579_CR3 L Virta (2579_CR10) 2012; 175 MD Kappelman (2579_CR6) 2007; 5 K Furu (2579_CR9) 2010; 106 CD Sloan (2579_CR12) 2012; 3 P Lehtinen (2579_CR5) 2016; 63 J Sýkora (2579_CR1) 2018; 24 Y Ko (2579_CR7) 2015; 13 |
| References_xml | – volume: 11 start-page: 150 year: 2017 ident: 2579_CR2 publication-title: J Crohns Colitis doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw148 – volume: 5 start-page: 1424 year: 2007 ident: 2579_CR6 publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.012 – volume: 64 start-page: 1759 year: 2019 ident: 2579_CR8 publication-title: Dig Dis Sci doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05648-w – volume: 24 start-page: 2741 year: 2018 ident: 2579_CR1 publication-title: World J Gastroenterol doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2741 – volume: 3 start-page: 297 year: 2012 ident: 2579_CR12 publication-title: Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2012.09.002 – volume: 73 start-page: 455 year: 2022 ident: 2579_CR4 publication-title: Ann Rev Med doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-021020 – ident: 2579_CR3 doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac138 – volume: 74 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: 2579_CR11 publication-title: J Stat Softw doi: 10.18637/jss.v074.i06 – volume: 63 start-page: 65 year: 2016 ident: 2579_CR5 publication-title: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001050 – volume: 175 start-page: 775 year: 2012 ident: 2579_CR10 publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr400 – volume: 13 start-page: 1453-63.e1 year: 2015 ident: 2579_CR7 publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.045 – volume: 106 start-page: 86 year: 2010 ident: 2579_CR9 publication-title: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00494.x |
| SSID | ssj0017823 |
| Score | 2.3316517 |
| Snippet | Background
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of... The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of environmental... Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement of... Abstract Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has increased dramatically during the past decades. This implies involvement... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 512 |
| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Age Care and treatment Child Children Cluster Analysis Colitis, Ulcerative - diagnosis Colitis, Ulcerative - epidemiology Crohn Disease - diagnosis Crohn Disease - epidemiology Crohn’s disease Development and progression Diagnosis Environment Environmental factors Epidemiology Etiology Gastroenterology Health aspects Hepatology Humans Incidence Infant, Newborn Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel diseases Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - epidemiology Internal Medicine Intestine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Methods Pediatric gastroenterology Pediatrics Regression analysis Reimbursement Sex Ulcerative colitis |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6hCiEuqOWZPpCRkDhAVCe2Y4dbqVhxgIoDSL1ZiR9ipW226u7Sv8-Mk2ybIuCCtHvYtR3ZnvE8MuNvAF4rp5QKPOYVdzyX0hd5W2v0WlH0eaPbQsRE6c_67Mycn9dfb5X6opywHh6437hjX7a8db5S0kvpBK9N0xZlbLnnwnjtSfqi1TM6U0P8APWeGK_ImOp4hVJYU7JtiV-l67yYqKGE1v-7TL6llO4mTN6JmiZlNNuFR4MVyU762e_BvdA9hgdfhjj5E4iniw0hIOBgtozscqzHwSh3es2Qq5ARLlKAnbXL67BgQ6AGm9hs3lG643vWsP5V4fXcB0YVHOiROek9zxIs7VP4Pvv47fRTPlRUyF3F9Ton9HqlA2-qGLT2Df7wrtEpGNMoJ7mIPJYx1KWX2kivtPCBFyaE0qMv68Uz2OmWXXgBTDvtCe0tqspJF9GSiCG5Q66WoTFtBsW4wdYNcONU9WJhk9thKtsTxSJRbCKKLTJ4ux1z2YNt_LX3B6LbticBZac_kH3swD72X-yTwRuiuqXjjNNzzXArARdJwFj2BJ0PAtkyPIPDSU88hm7aPPKNHcTAypaa8NdK9HEzeLVtppGU2taF5Sb1EehDouGawfOezbZLEmg_C6lVBnrCgJM1T1u6-Y8EEo5-IiENZfBuZNWbaf15T_f_x54ewMOSjlpBn0PYWV9twhHcdz_X89XVy3RQfwE3LEAG priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7BFiEuvB-BgoyExAGiOokTJ1xQW3XFAVYVAqk3K_EDVlqSZR_07zPjOFtSRC9IySGx85jMeMbjmXwD8CrXeZ5b7uKCax4LYZK4qSR6raj6TCmbJHOe0x_lbFaenVWnYcFtHdIqB53oFbXpNK2RH6SSoKxSdBfeL3_GVDWKoquhhMZ12COkMjGBvaOT2ennXRwB7V82_CpTFgdr1MaSkm5T3HNZxcnIHHnU_r918x_G6XLi5KXoqTdK0zv_S85duB2mo-ywl597cM229-HmpxBwfwDueLElKAV8OuscWw6FPRglYW8YiidK1A8fqWdNd24XLER8sIlN5y3lTb5jNevXHM_nxjIqBUG3jMmAGubxbR_C1-nJl-MPcSjNEOuCy01MMPi5tLwunJXS1HhgdC19VKfOteCZ4y51tkqNkKUwucyM5UlpbWrQKTbZI5i0XWufAJNaGoKNc3mhhXY4JXHW-1W6ErYumwiSgUNKB9xyKp-xUN5_KQvVc1UhV5XnqkoieLO7ZtmjdlzZ-4gYv-tJiNv-RLf6psIAViZteKNNkQsjhM54VdZNkrqGG470SBPBaxIbRXoBX0_X4fcGJJIQttQhejGE1lXyCPZHPXE863HzIDEq6JO1uhCXCF7umulKypFrbbf1fTJ0RnEGHMHjXk53JGU4Ec-EzCOQIwke0TxuaeffPdo4OpwEWRTB20HWL17r39_06dVUPINbKY3ChLZ9mGxWW_scbuhfm_l69SKM4t84107F priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Clustering of pediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease in Finland: a nationwide register-based study |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12876-022-02579-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36503475 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2755632924 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2753666514 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9743626 https://doaj.org/article/d2b0bcd654d44c3098ab12fb0d038d7d |
| Volume | 22 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000897885600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVADU databaseName: Open Access: BioMedCentral Open Access Titles customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: RBZ dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.biomedcentral.com/search/ providerName: BioMedCentral – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Contemporary customDbUrl: eissn: 1471-230X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0017823 issn: 1471-230X databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20011201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3rb9MwED_BhtC-8GYERmUkJD5AhJPYccq3bVoFEquq8VD5ZCV-QKWSTH2wf587NylkPCSQ2kqpz1HOvocvd_4Z4Kk0UkrHfZxzw2MhbBJXQ4VRK5o-W6gqyXyY6bdqPC6m0-Gk3RS27Krdu5RksNRBrYv85RItqaKC2RS_Ug1jjHl20d0VpI5n7z5ucwfo87Jue8xv-_VcUEDq_9Ue_-SQLhdLXsqYBkc0uvl_LNyCG-3Ckx1uJOU2XHH1Hbh-2qbW74I_nq8JNAHvxxrPzrsjPBiVW68YCiLKzteQk2dVc-HmrM3tYBMbzWqqkHzFSrZ5u3gxs47RoQ90y5hcpWUByfYefBidvD9-HbeHMMQm52oVE-C9VI6XuXdK2RIvrClVyN-U0gieee5T74apFaoQVqrMOp4UzqUWw1-b3YeduqndA2DKKEsAcV7mRhiPiw_vQgRlhsKVRRVB0s2LNi1COR2UMdchUilyvRlAjQOowwDqJILn2z7nG3yOv1If0XRvKQlbO_zRLD7rVlW1TSteGZtLYYUwGUpYWSWpr7jlyI-yETwjYdFkAfDxTNluZEAmCUtLH2K8QrhcBY_goEeJmmv6zZ246dZyLHWqCLItxbA4gifbZupJ1XC1a9aBJsOwE9e6EexvpHPLUoZL7kwoGYHqyW2P535LPfsScMUxtCRwoghedNL747H-PKYP_438EeylpAAJfQ5gZ7VYu8dwzXxbzZaLAVxVUxV-iwHsHp2MJ2eD8JoEryZvTiefBkHXvwPfkkmo |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VgoAL74ehwCKBOIDV9XNtJIRKIWrVtOJQpNwWex8QKdghDyL-FL-RmbWd4iJ66wEpOSS7tjz2zLf7eWe_AXiWqCRJDLd-yhX341gHfpkLZK0IfToTZRBZ96SH4ugoG43yjxvwq9sLQ2mVHSY6oNa1onfk26EgKasQ6cLb6XefqkbR6mpXQqNxiwPzc4WUbf5m_z0-3-dhOPhwvLvnt1UFfJVysfBJwT0RhhepNULoAn9oVQi3IFEkKuaR5Ta0Jg91LLJYJyLShgeZMaFGPqcjPO8FuIg4LiiFTIzWBC_A0TbqNuZk6fYcsV9Qim-I30TkftAb_FyNgL9Hgj-GwtNpmqfWat0QOLj-v928G3CtnWyznSY6bsKGqW7B5cM2neA22N3JkoQi0FpWWzbtypYwSjFfMAw-jJdvLg-BlfXKTFi7noVNbDCuKCv0NStY80Z1NdaGUaELOqVP0wPNnHrvHfh0Llbehc2qrsx9YEIJTaJ4NklVrCxOuKxxrFHlsSmy0oOg8wipWlV2Kg4ykY6dZalsvEiiF0nnRTLw4OX6mGmjSXJm73fkaOuepCfu_qhnX2QLT1KHJS-VTpNYx7GKeJ4VZRDakmuO9gjtwQtyU0moh5eninbzBhpJ-mFyBzkaaZFl3IOtXk9EK9Vv7jxUtmg5lyfu6cHTdTMdSRmAlamXrk-EVBvn9x7ca-JibVKENCOKReKB6EVMz-Z-SzX-6rTUkU6TIJMHr7rYOrmsf9_TB2db8QSu7B0fDuVw_-jgIVwNCQEC-mzB5mK2NI_gkvqxGM9njx1-MPh83jH3G2wUqbE |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Zj9MwEB6hBa144T4CCxgJiQeI1knsOOFtWahALNVKHNo3K_EBlUpatSn795lxkrJZDgkhNQ-Nx1HGnsOTGX8GeCKNlNJxH-fc8FgIm8R1qTBqRdNnC1UnmQ8zfaSm0-LkpDw-s4s_VLsPKcluTwOhNDXt_tL6TsWLfH-NVlVR8WyKl1RljPHPRUGHBlG8_uHzNo-A_i8btsr8tt_IHQXU_l9t8xnndL5w8lz2NDilydX_Z-caXOkXpOygk6DrcME1N2D3fZ9yvwn-cL4hMAV8Nlt4thyO9mBUht0yFFCUqW8hV8_qxambsz7ng01sMmuocvIFq1j31fF0Zh2jwyDokTG5UMsCwu0t-DR5_fHwTdwfzhCbnKs2JiB8qRyvcu-UshX-saZSIa9TSSN45rlPvStTK1QhrFSZdTwpnEsthsU2uw07zaJxd4EpoywBx3mZG2E8Lkq8C5GVKYWrijqCZJgjbXrkcjpAY65DBFPkuhtAjQOowwDqJIJn2z7LDrfjr9Qvaeq3lIS5HW4sVl90r8LapjWvjc2lsEKYjJdFVSepr7nlyI-yETwlwdFkGfD1TNVvcEAmCWNLH2AcQ3hdBY9gb0SJGm3GzYPo6d6irHWqCMotxXA5gsfbZupJVXKNW2wCTYbhKK6BI7jTSeqWpQyX4plQMgI1kuERz-OWZvY14I1jyEmgRRE8HyT552v9eUzv_Rv5I9g9fjXRR2-n7-7D5ZR0IaHfHuy0q417AJfM93a2Xj0MCv4DlnlPYA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clustering+of+pediatric+onset+inflammatory+bowel+disease+in+Finland%3A+a+nationwide+register-based+study&rft.jtitle=BMC+gastroenterology&rft.au=Nikkil%C3%A4%2C+Atte&rft.au=Auvinen%2C+Anssi&rft.au=Kolho%2C+Kaija-Leena&rft.date=2022-12-12&rft.pub=BioMed+Central+Ltd&rft.issn=1471-230X&rft.eissn=1471-230X&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12876-022-02579-1&rft.externalDocID=A729716280 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1471-230X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1471-230X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1471-230X&client=summon |