Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial
Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of translational medicine Jg. 18; H. 1; S. 405 - 11 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
BioMed Central
21.10.2020
BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1479-5876, 1479-5876 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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| Abstract | Background
Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.
Methods
A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.
Results
In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6–24.0,
P
= 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2–28.3,
P
< 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.
Conclusions
Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.
Registration
EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.BACKGROUNDTocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.METHODSA multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.RESULTSIn the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092).CONCLUSIONSTocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. Results In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6–24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2–28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Conclusions Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. Results In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6–24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2–28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Conclusions Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Abstract Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. Results In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6–24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2–28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Conclusions Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival. Results In the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P = 0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P < 0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Conclusions Tocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline. Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092). Keywords: COVID-19, Pneumonia, Coronavirus, Tocilizumab, IL-6, Phase 2, Mortality, Safety |
| ArticleNumber | 405 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ripamonti, Diego Bonfanti, Paolo Piccirillo, Maria Carmela Calzetti, Carlo Atripaldi, Luigi Chiodini, Paolo Gallo, Ciro Cascella, Marco Marata, Anna Maria Fraganza, Fiorentino Gargiulo, Piera Dolci, Giovanni Arenare, Laura Massari, Marco Ascierto, Paolo Antonio Lichtner, Miriam Salerno, Nicola Duccio Perrone, Francesco Gravina, Adriano Parrella, Roberto Schettino, Clorinda Marrocco-Trischitta, Massimiliano M. Popoli, Patrizia Squillace, Nicola Binda, Francesca Botti, Gerardo Costantini, Massimo Montesarchio, Vincenzo Castelli, Francesco Negri, Emanuele Alberto Ferraris, Laurenzia Salvarani, Carlo Facciolongo, Nicola Cosimo Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mussini, Cristina Cardone, Claudia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Francesco orcidid: 0000-0002-9738-0526 surname: Perrone fullname: Perrone, Francesco email: f.perrone@istitutotumori.na.it organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Carmela surname: Piccirillo fullname: Piccirillo, Maria Carmela organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 3 givenname: Paolo Antonio surname: Ascierto fullname: Ascierto, Paolo Antonio organization: Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 4 givenname: Carlo surname: Salvarani fullname: Salvarani, Carlo organization: Rheumathology, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia and Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 5 givenname: Roberto surname: Parrella fullname: Parrella, Roberto organization: Cotugno Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli – sequence: 6 givenname: Anna Maria surname: Marata fullname: Marata, Anna Maria organization: Emilia Romagna Health Directorate – sequence: 7 givenname: Patrizia surname: Popoli fullname: Popoli, Patrizia organization: Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità – sequence: 8 givenname: Laurenzia surname: Ferraris fullname: Ferraris, Laurenzia organization: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS - Policlinico San Donato – sequence: 9 givenname: Massimiliano M. surname: Marrocco-Trischitta fullname: Marrocco-Trischitta, Massimiliano M. organization: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS - Policlinico San Donato – sequence: 10 givenname: Diego surname: Ripamonti fullname: Ripamonti, Diego organization: Infectious Diseases Unit - ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII – sequence: 11 givenname: Francesca surname: Binda fullname: Binda, Francesca organization: Infectious Diseases Unit - ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII – sequence: 12 givenname: Paolo surname: Bonfanti fullname: Bonfanti, Paolo organization: Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Monza and University Milano Bicocca – sequence: 13 givenname: Nicola surname: Squillace fullname: Squillace, Nicola organization: Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Monza and University Milano Bicocca – sequence: 14 givenname: Francesco surname: Castelli fullname: Castelli, Francesco organization: University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili – sequence: 15 givenname: Maria Lorenza surname: Muiesan fullname: Muiesan, Maria Lorenza organization: University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili – sequence: 16 givenname: Miriam surname: Lichtner fullname: Lichtner, Miriam organization: Sapienza University of Rome, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital – sequence: 17 givenname: Carlo surname: Calzetti fullname: Calzetti, Carlo organization: Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit AOU – sequence: 18 givenname: Nicola Duccio surname: Salerno fullname: Salerno, Nicola Duccio organization: UOC Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, AOUI – sequence: 19 givenname: Luigi surname: Atripaldi fullname: Atripaldi, Luigi organization: Cotugno Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli – sequence: 20 givenname: Marco surname: Cascella fullname: Cascella, Marco organization: Anesthesia and Resuscitation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 21 givenname: Massimo surname: Costantini fullname: Costantini, Massimo organization: Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 22 givenname: Giovanni surname: Dolci fullname: Dolci, Giovanni organization: Rheumathology, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia and Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 23 givenname: Nicola Cosimo surname: Facciolongo fullname: Facciolongo, Nicola Cosimo organization: Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 24 givenname: Fiorentino surname: Fraganza fullname: Fraganza, Fiorentino organization: Cotugno Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli – sequence: 25 givenname: Marco surname: Massari fullname: Massari, Marco organization: Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 26 givenname: Vincenzo surname: Montesarchio fullname: Montesarchio, Vincenzo organization: Cotugno Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli – sequence: 27 givenname: Cristina surname: Mussini fullname: Mussini, Cristina organization: Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia – sequence: 28 givenname: Emanuele Alberto surname: Negri fullname: Negri, Emanuele Alberto organization: Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia – sequence: 29 givenname: Gerardo surname: Botti fullname: Botti, Gerardo organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 30 givenname: Claudia surname: Cardone fullname: Cardone, Claudia organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 31 givenname: Piera surname: Gargiulo fullname: Gargiulo, Piera organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 32 givenname: Adriano surname: Gravina fullname: Gravina, Adriano organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 33 givenname: Clorinda surname: Schettino fullname: Schettino, Clorinda organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 34 givenname: Laura surname: Arenare fullname: Arenare, Laura organization: Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale – sequence: 35 givenname: Paolo surname: Chiodini fullname: Chiodini, Paolo organization: Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli – sequence: 36 givenname: Ciro surname: Gallo fullname: Gallo, Ciro organization: Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33087150$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | The Author(s) 2020 corrected publication 2022 COPYRIGHT 2020 BioMed Central Ltd. 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Author(s) 2020 |
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Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in... Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19... Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in... Abstract Background Tocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use Betacoronavirus - drug effects Betacoronavirus - immunology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Care and treatment Clinical trials Cohort Studies Combination strategies Consent Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections - drug therapy Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Drug dosages Female Humans Hypotheses IL-6 Immunosuppressive agents Inflammation Interleukin 6 Interleukins Italy - epidemiology Lethality Male Medicine/Public Health Middle Aged Monoclonal antibodies Mortality Off-Label Use Pandemics Phase 2 Pneumonia Pneumonia, Viral - drug therapy Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Population Registration SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Steroid hormones Survival Tocilizumab Toxicity Treatment Outcome Validation Studies as Topic Variables Ventilation |
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| Title | Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial |
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