Neighborhood greenspace exposure as a protective factor in dementia risk among U.S. adults 75 years or older: a cohort study

Background Research suggests that greenspace may confer neurocognitive benefits. This study examines whether residential greenspace is associated with risk of dementia among older adults. Methods Greenspace exposure was computed for 3047 participants aged 75 years and older enrolled in the Gingko Ev...

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Vydané v:Environmental health Ročník 21; číslo 1; s. 14 - 10
Hlavní autori: Slawsky, Erik D., Hajat, Anjum, Rhew, Isaac C., Russette, Helen, Semmens, Erin O., Kaufman, Joel D., Leary, Cindy S., Fitzpatrick, Annette L.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London BioMed Central 15.01.2022
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Predmet:
Adults
Aged
Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology
Alzheimer Disease - prevention & control
Alzheimer's disease
Apolipoprotein E
Cognition
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Dementia
Dementia - epidemiology
Dementia - prevention & control
Dementia disorders
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental aspects
Environmental Epidemiology
Environmental Health
Evaluation
Exposure
Green infrastructure
Greenspace
Health aspects
Humans
Mental disorders
NDVI
Neighborhoods
Neurodegenerative diseases
Normalized difference vegetative index
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Older people
Open spaces
Parks, Recreational
Prevention
Protective Factors
Psychological aspects
Public Health
Residence Characteristics
Residential exposures
Risk Factors
Risk management
Statistical analysis
Statistical models
United States - epidemiology
Vascular dementia
Vegetation
Vegetation index
United States
North Carolina
Sacramento California
United States > US
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
California
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Residential exposures
Greenspace
Alzheimer’s disease
NDVI
Dementia
ISSN:1476-069X, 1476-069X
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Shrnutí:Background Research suggests that greenspace may confer neurocognitive benefits. This study examines whether residential greenspace is associated with risk of dementia among older adults. Methods Greenspace exposure was computed for 3047 participants aged 75 years and older enrolled in the Gingko Evaluation of Memory Study (GEMS) across four U.S. sites that prospectively evaluated dementia and its subtypes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed pathologies, using neuropsychiatric evaluations between 2000 and 2008. After geocoding participant residences at baseline, three greenspace metrics—Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, percent park overlap within a 2-km radius, and linear distance to nearest park—were combined to create a composite residential greenspace measure categorized into tertiles. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between baseline greenspace and risk of incident all-cause dementia, AD, and Mixed/VaD. Results Compared to low residential greenspace, high residential greenspace was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (HR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.59,0.98) in models adjusted for multiple covariates. After additional adjustment for behavioral characteristics, Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status, and other covariates, the association was slightly attenuated (HR = 0.82; 95% CI:0.63,1.06). Those exposed to medium levels of greenspace also had 28% lower risk (HR = 0.72; CI: 0.55, 0.95) of dementia compared to those with low greenspace in adjusted models. Subtype associations between high residential greenspace and AD were not statistically significant. Greenspace was not found to be significantly associated with mixed/vascular pathologies. Conclusions This study showed evidence for an association between residential greenspace and all-cause dementia among older adults. Future research with larger sample size, precise characterization of different dementia subtypes, and assessment of residential greenspace earlier in life may help clarify the role between exposure to greenspace and dementia risk. Highlights Residential greenspace exposure was found to be associated with moderate cognitive health benefit for older U.S. adults. Dementia subtypes may be differentially impacted by exposure to residential greenspace. Combining multiple greenspace measures may better capture a holistic picture of exposure to greenspace compared to one measure alone.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1476-069X
1476-069X
DOI:10.1186/s12940-022-00830-6