Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires
Postal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias. Finding ways to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires would improve the quality of health research. To id...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Cochrane database of systematic reviews číslo 3; s. MR000008 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
England
08.07.2009
|
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1469-493X, 1469-493X |
| On-line přístup: | Zjistit podrobnosti o přístupu |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | Postal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias. Finding ways to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires would improve the quality of health research.
To identify effective strategies to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires.
We searched 14 electronic databases to February 2008 and manually searched the reference lists of relevant trials and reviews, and all issues of two journals. We contacted the authors of all trials or reviews to ask about unpublished trials. Where necessary, we also contacted authors to confirm methods of allocation used and to clarify results presented. We assessed the eligibility of each trial using pre-defined criteria.
Randomised controlled trials of methods to increase response to postal or electronic questionnaires.
We extracted data on the trial participants, the intervention, the number randomised to intervention and comparison groups and allocation concealment. For each strategy, we estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model. We assessed evidence for selection bias using Egger's weighted regression method and Begg's rank correlation test and funnel plot. We assessed heterogeneity among trial odds ratios using a Chi(2) test and the degree of inconsistency between trial results was quantified using the I(2) statistic.
PostalWe found 481 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 110 different ways of increasing response to postal questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were at least doubled using monetary incentives (odds ratio 1.87; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.04; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 84%), recorded delivery (1.76; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.18; P = 0.0001, I(2) = 71%), a teaser on the envelope - e.g. a comment suggesting to participants that they may benefit if they open it (3.08; 95% CI 1.27 to 7.44) and a more interesting questionnaire topic (2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.04; P = 0.06, I(2) = 80%). The odds of response were substantially higher with pre-notification (1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.63; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 89%), follow-up contact (1.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.55; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 76%), unconditional incentives (1.61; 1.36 to 1.89; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 88%), shorter questionnaires (1.64; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.87; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 91%), providing a second copy of the questionnaire at follow up (1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 82%), mentioning an obligation to respond (1.61; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22; P = 0.98, I(2) = 0%) and university sponsorship (1.32; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.54; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 83%). The odds of response were also increased with non-monetary incentives (1.15; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 79%), personalised questionnaires (1.14; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 63%), use of hand-written addresses (1.25; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.45; P = 0.32, I(2) = 14%), use of stamped return envelopes as opposed to franked return envelopes (1.24; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.35; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 69%), an assurance of confidentiality (1.33; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.42) and first class outward mailing (1.11; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21; P = 0.78, I(2) = 0%). The odds of response were reduced when the questionnaire included questions of a sensitive nature (0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.51, I(2) = 0%).ElectronicWe found 32 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 27 different ways of increasing response to electronic questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were increased by more than a half using non-monetary incentives (1.72; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.72; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 95%), shorter e-questionnaires (1.73; 1.40 to 2.13; P = 0.08, I(2) = 68%), including a statement that others had responded (1.52; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.70), and a more interesting topic (1.85; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.26). The odds of response increased by a third using a lottery with immediate notification of results (1.37; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.65), an offer of survey results (1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.61), and using a white background (1.31; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56). The odds of response were also increased with personalised e-questionnaires (1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32; P = 0.07, I(2) = 41%), using a simple header (1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), using textual representation of response categories (1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.36), and giving a deadline (1.18; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34). The odds of response tripled when a picture was included in an e-mail (3.05; 95% CI 1.84 to 5.06; P = 0.27, I(2) = 19%). The odds of response were reduced when "Survey" was mentioned in the e-mail subject line (0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97; P = 0.33, I(2) = 0%), and when the e-mail included a male signature (0.55; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80; P = 0.96, I(2) = 0%).
Health researchers using postal and electronic questionnaires can increase response using the strategies shown to be effective in this systematic review. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Postal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias. Finding ways to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires would improve the quality of health research.
To identify effective strategies to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires.
We searched 14 electronic databases to February 2008 and manually searched the reference lists of relevant trials and reviews, and all issues of two journals. We contacted the authors of all trials or reviews to ask about unpublished trials. Where necessary, we also contacted authors to confirm methods of allocation used and to clarify results presented. We assessed the eligibility of each trial using pre-defined criteria.
Randomised controlled trials of methods to increase response to postal or electronic questionnaires.
We extracted data on the trial participants, the intervention, the number randomised to intervention and comparison groups and allocation concealment. For each strategy, we estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model. We assessed evidence for selection bias using Egger's weighted regression method and Begg's rank correlation test and funnel plot. We assessed heterogeneity among trial odds ratios using a Chi(2) test and the degree of inconsistency between trial results was quantified using the I(2) statistic.
PostalWe found 481 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 110 different ways of increasing response to postal questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were at least doubled using monetary incentives (odds ratio 1.87; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.04; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 84%), recorded delivery (1.76; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.18; P = 0.0001, I(2) = 71%), a teaser on the envelope - e.g. a comment suggesting to participants that they may benefit if they open it (3.08; 95% CI 1.27 to 7.44) and a more interesting questionnaire topic (2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.04; P = 0.06, I(2) = 80%). The odds of response were substantially higher with pre-notification (1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.63; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 89%), follow-up contact (1.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.55; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 76%), unconditional incentives (1.61; 1.36 to 1.89; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 88%), shorter questionnaires (1.64; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.87; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 91%), providing a second copy of the questionnaire at follow up (1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 82%), mentioning an obligation to respond (1.61; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22; P = 0.98, I(2) = 0%) and university sponsorship (1.32; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.54; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 83%). The odds of response were also increased with non-monetary incentives (1.15; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 79%), personalised questionnaires (1.14; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 63%), use of hand-written addresses (1.25; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.45; P = 0.32, I(2) = 14%), use of stamped return envelopes as opposed to franked return envelopes (1.24; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.35; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 69%), an assurance of confidentiality (1.33; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.42) and first class outward mailing (1.11; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21; P = 0.78, I(2) = 0%). The odds of response were reduced when the questionnaire included questions of a sensitive nature (0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.51, I(2) = 0%).ElectronicWe found 32 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 27 different ways of increasing response to electronic questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were increased by more than a half using non-monetary incentives (1.72; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.72; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 95%), shorter e-questionnaires (1.73; 1.40 to 2.13; P = 0.08, I(2) = 68%), including a statement that others had responded (1.52; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.70), and a more interesting topic (1.85; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.26). The odds of response increased by a third using a lottery with immediate notification of results (1.37; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.65), an offer of survey results (1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.61), and using a white background (1.31; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56). The odds of response were also increased with personalised e-questionnaires (1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32; P = 0.07, I(2) = 41%), using a simple header (1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), using textual representation of response categories (1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.36), and giving a deadline (1.18; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34). The odds of response tripled when a picture was included in an e-mail (3.05; 95% CI 1.84 to 5.06; P = 0.27, I(2) = 19%). The odds of response were reduced when "Survey" was mentioned in the e-mail subject line (0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97; P = 0.33, I(2) = 0%), and when the e-mail included a male signature (0.55; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80; P = 0.96, I(2) = 0%).
Health researchers using postal and electronic questionnaires can increase response using the strategies shown to be effective in this systematic review. Postal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias. Finding ways to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires would improve the quality of health research.BACKGROUNDPostal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias. Finding ways to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires would improve the quality of health research.To identify effective strategies to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires.OBJECTIVESTo identify effective strategies to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires.We searched 14 electronic databases to February 2008 and manually searched the reference lists of relevant trials and reviews, and all issues of two journals. We contacted the authors of all trials or reviews to ask about unpublished trials. Where necessary, we also contacted authors to confirm methods of allocation used and to clarify results presented. We assessed the eligibility of each trial using pre-defined criteria.SEARCH STRATEGYWe searched 14 electronic databases to February 2008 and manually searched the reference lists of relevant trials and reviews, and all issues of two journals. We contacted the authors of all trials or reviews to ask about unpublished trials. Where necessary, we also contacted authors to confirm methods of allocation used and to clarify results presented. We assessed the eligibility of each trial using pre-defined criteria.Randomised controlled trials of methods to increase response to postal or electronic questionnaires.SELECTION CRITERIARandomised controlled trials of methods to increase response to postal or electronic questionnaires.We extracted data on the trial participants, the intervention, the number randomised to intervention and comparison groups and allocation concealment. For each strategy, we estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model. We assessed evidence for selection bias using Egger's weighted regression method and Begg's rank correlation test and funnel plot. We assessed heterogeneity among trial odds ratios using a Chi(2) test and the degree of inconsistency between trial results was quantified using the I(2) statistic.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISWe extracted data on the trial participants, the intervention, the number randomised to intervention and comparison groups and allocation concealment. For each strategy, we estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model. We assessed evidence for selection bias using Egger's weighted regression method and Begg's rank correlation test and funnel plot. We assessed heterogeneity among trial odds ratios using a Chi(2) test and the degree of inconsistency between trial results was quantified using the I(2) statistic.PostalWe found 481 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 110 different ways of increasing response to postal questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were at least doubled using monetary incentives (odds ratio 1.87; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.04; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 84%), recorded delivery (1.76; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.18; P = 0.0001, I(2) = 71%), a teaser on the envelope - e.g. a comment suggesting to participants that they may benefit if they open it (3.08; 95% CI 1.27 to 7.44) and a more interesting questionnaire topic (2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.04; P = 0.06, I(2) = 80%). The odds of response were substantially higher with pre-notification (1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.63; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 89%), follow-up contact (1.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.55; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 76%), unconditional incentives (1.61; 1.36 to 1.89; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 88%), shorter questionnaires (1.64; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.87; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 91%), providing a second copy of the questionnaire at follow up (1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 82%), mentioning an obligation to respond (1.61; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22; P = 0.98, I(2) = 0%) and university sponsorship (1.32; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.54; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 83%). The odds of response were also increased with non-monetary incentives (1.15; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 79%), personalised questionnaires (1.14; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 63%), use of hand-written addresses (1.25; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.45; P = 0.32, I(2) = 14%), use of stamped return envelopes as opposed to franked return envelopes (1.24; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.35; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 69%), an assurance of confidentiality (1.33; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.42) and first class outward mailing (1.11; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21; P = 0.78, I(2) = 0%). The odds of response were reduced when the questionnaire included questions of a sensitive nature (0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.51, I(2) = 0%).ElectronicWe found 32 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 27 different ways of increasing response to electronic questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were increased by more than a half using non-monetary incentives (1.72; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.72; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 95%), shorter e-questionnaires (1.73; 1.40 to 2.13; P = 0.08, I(2) = 68%), including a statement that others had responded (1.52; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.70), and a more interesting topic (1.85; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.26). The odds of response increased by a third using a lottery with immediate notification of results (1.37; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.65), an offer of survey results (1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.61), and using a white background (1.31; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56). The odds of response were also increased with personalised e-questionnaires (1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32; P = 0.07, I(2) = 41%), using a simple header (1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), using textual representation of response categories (1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.36), and giving a deadline (1.18; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34). The odds of response tripled when a picture was included in an e-mail (3.05; 95% CI 1.84 to 5.06; P = 0.27, I(2) = 19%). The odds of response were reduced when "Survey" was mentioned in the e-mail subject line (0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97; P = 0.33, I(2) = 0%), and when the e-mail included a male signature (0.55; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80; P = 0.96, I(2) = 0%).MAIN RESULTSPostalWe found 481 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 110 different ways of increasing response to postal questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were at least doubled using monetary incentives (odds ratio 1.87; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.04; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 84%), recorded delivery (1.76; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.18; P = 0.0001, I(2) = 71%), a teaser on the envelope - e.g. a comment suggesting to participants that they may benefit if they open it (3.08; 95% CI 1.27 to 7.44) and a more interesting questionnaire topic (2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.04; P = 0.06, I(2) = 80%). The odds of response were substantially higher with pre-notification (1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.63; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 89%), follow-up contact (1.35; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.55; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 76%), unconditional incentives (1.61; 1.36 to 1.89; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 88%), shorter questionnaires (1.64; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.87; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 91%), providing a second copy of the questionnaire at follow up (1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.90; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 82%), mentioning an obligation to respond (1.61; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22; P = 0.98, I(2) = 0%) and university sponsorship (1.32; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.54; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 83%). The odds of response were also increased with non-monetary incentives (1.15; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 79%), personalised questionnaires (1.14; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 63%), use of hand-written addresses (1.25; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.45; P = 0.32, I(2) = 14%), use of stamped return envelopes as opposed to franked return envelopes (1.24; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.35; P < 0.00001, I(2) = 69%), an assurance of confidentiality (1.33; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.42) and first class outward mailing (1.11; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21; P = 0.78, I(2) = 0%). The odds of response were reduced when the questionnaire included questions of a sensitive nature (0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00; P = 0.51, I(2) = 0%).ElectronicWe found 32 eligible trials. The trials evaluated 27 different ways of increasing response to electronic questionnaires. We found substantial heterogeneity among trial results in half of the strategies. The odds of response were increased by more than a half using non-monetary incentives (1.72; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.72; heterogeneity P < 0.00001, I(2) = 95%), shorter e-questionnaires (1.73; 1.40 to 2.13; P = 0.08, I(2) = 68%), including a statement that others had responded (1.52; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.70), and a more interesting topic (1.85; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.26). The odds of response increased by a third using a lottery with immediate notification of results (1.37; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.65), an offer of survey results (1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.61), and using a white background (1.31; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.56). The odds of response were also increased with personalised e-questionnaires (1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32; P = 0.07, I(2) = 41%), using a simple header (1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), using textual representation of response categories (1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.36), and giving a deadline (1.18; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34). The odds of response tripled when a picture was included in an e-mail (3.05; 95% CI 1.84 to 5.06; P = 0.27, I(2) = 19%). The odds of response were reduced when "Survey" was mentioned in the e-mail subject line (0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97; P = 0.33, I(2) = 0%), and when the e-mail included a male signature (0.55; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80; P = 0.96, I(2) = 0%).Health researchers using postal and electroni |
| Author | Wentz, Reinhard Felix, Lambert M Edwards, Philip James Cooper, Rachel Pratap, Sarah Kwan, Irene Clarke, Mike J Diguiseppi, Carolyn Roberts, Ian |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Philip James surname: Edwards fullname: Edwards, Philip James organization: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK, WC1E 7HT – sequence: 2 givenname: Ian surname: Roberts fullname: Roberts, Ian – sequence: 3 givenname: Mike J surname: Clarke fullname: Clarke, Mike J – sequence: 4 givenname: Carolyn surname: Diguiseppi fullname: Diguiseppi, Carolyn – sequence: 5 givenname: Reinhard surname: Wentz fullname: Wentz, Reinhard – sequence: 6 givenname: Irene surname: Kwan fullname: Kwan, Irene – sequence: 7 givenname: Rachel surname: Cooper fullname: Cooper, Rachel – sequence: 8 givenname: Lambert M surname: Felix fullname: Felix, Lambert M – sequence: 9 givenname: Sarah surname: Pratap fullname: Pratap, Sarah |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19588449$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpNkFtLxDAQhYOsuBf9C0uffGvNvcmjrFfYRRAF30qaTrDSTWrSPvjvresKzss5zHwMZ2aJZj54QGhNcEEwpleES0GUUMXuGf-UKvqx5idoMQ10zjV7m_3zc7RM6QNjpglRZ2hOtFCKc71ANzsY3kOTsiFkrbcRTIIsQuqDn8zU7EMaTJcZ32TQgR1i8K3NPkdIQxu8N-0En6NTZ7oEF0ddode725fNQ759un_cXG9zK3HJc-YcgCGltdJJTWqqHeVYldY5xhpcOlDCag5GO-tKIRtmHLHKyhoLKmhDV-jyd28fwyFBtW-Tha4zHsKYKlkevsImcH0Ex3oPTdXHdm_iV_V3N_0GH_pfaQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12955_023_02104_2 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2019_030797 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2015_07_026 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12875_014_0218_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_a11100153 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1471_1842_2010_00908_x crossref_primary_10_1111_josh_12241 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_076849 crossref_primary_10_1080_13557858_2014_979768 crossref_primary_10_1093_ptj_pzab132 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2288_10_50 crossref_primary_10_1183_09031936_00193809 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_6655 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12961_016_0139_7 crossref_primary_10_1136_injuryprev_2012_040689 crossref_primary_10_1136_emermed_2013_202346 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_020_04373_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_018_2493_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2010_10_013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_023_07099_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nbd_2018_07_007 crossref_primary_10_2196_12422 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2021_560141 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00520_021_06583_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2288_11_33 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_021_01462_z crossref_primary_10_1177_13623613211015757 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13756_022_01188_7 crossref_primary_10_2196_25617 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_022_06546_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_019_3296_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13643_017_0549_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00405_017_4787_1 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2016_011075 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11096_015_0233_x crossref_primary_10_1177_10547738211064739 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_021_05662_2 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_14591_1 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_14591_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_juro_2011_07_007 crossref_primary_10_2196_cancer_3905 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00467_012_2307_5 crossref_primary_10_2196_24311 crossref_primary_10_1017_ash_2024_44 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_erss_2014_07_003 crossref_primary_10_1080_15245004_2010_546943 crossref_primary_10_1177_1075547017696165 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_11_249 crossref_primary_10_1111_jep_12284 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msksp_2017_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41415_022_5357_5 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_21902_1 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_064311 crossref_primary_10_1038_bjc_2017_284 crossref_primary_10_1080_02687038_2022_2031861 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_annfar_2011_10_017 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12909_022_03436_1 crossref_primary_10_2196_50814 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2014_007166 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph21060726 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41393_020_00584_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_015_1092_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2011_04_011 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2015_009912 crossref_primary_10_1002_mpr_1399 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12875_020_01214_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fsurg_2021_690680 crossref_primary_10_3109_09593985_2014_982775 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_017_3175_y crossref_primary_10_1111_puar_13004 crossref_primary_10_1002_cnr2_1551 crossref_primary_10_1177_20101058211068589 crossref_primary_10_1186_1472_6920_9_71 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_023_02005_4 crossref_primary_10_1111_ppe_12694 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_012_9708_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_025_02467_8 crossref_primary_10_5688_ajpe7615 crossref_primary_10_1177_0894439316656151 crossref_primary_10_1177_0163278714521633 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2288_12_32 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_018_1645_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12911_015_0134_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0194599812453000 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_015_0097_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_015_1126_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11701_014_0478_8 crossref_primary_10_1159_000442796 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuchi_2020_05_003 crossref_primary_10_1177_0163278713496426 crossref_primary_10_3310_nihropenres_13954_1 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_6560 crossref_primary_10_3389_fresc_2021_732594 crossref_primary_10_1188_14_ONF_681_682 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_277X_2009_01000_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12910_020_00484_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40814_024_01486_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_0142159X_2016_1231917 crossref_primary_10_2196_24567 crossref_primary_10_1017_orp_2014_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hrthm_2012_01_029 crossref_primary_10_1080_10967494_2023_2166635 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_019_02379_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00115_011_3402_8 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnis_2024_022298 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ctcp_2014_07_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2011_05_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_zefq_2016_04_002 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_6567 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2013_003821 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_0500_5_605 crossref_primary_10_2196_mhealth_9661 crossref_primary_10_3233_PPR_200468 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajag_13189 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph13020194 crossref_primary_10_1080_13645579_2012_682430 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10900_013_9757_y crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_bdj_2017_173 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2296_11_69 crossref_primary_10_1038_bdjteam_2017_46 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_22361_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00277_024_06085_0 crossref_primary_10_1080_14635240_2013_830452 crossref_primary_10_1177_1525822X11424549 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2014_08_054 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2011_11_007 crossref_primary_10_2196_12370 crossref_primary_10_1177_1403494814565692 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_015_0073_3 crossref_primary_10_1515_jcim_2015_0101 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_6308 crossref_primary_10_1080_13607863_2017_1364348 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12630_019_01321_y crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_73636_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthplace_2016_11_008 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_2336 crossref_primary_10_2196_30265 crossref_primary_10_2196_30027 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41999_024_00975_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41407_023_1813_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2024_1386978 crossref_primary_10_1111_ijpp_12223 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_016_2978_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13012_017_0615_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_022_05416_4 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_73636_2 crossref_primary_10_2188_jea_JE20170109 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_erss_2021_102312 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_bdj_2017_123 crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci9020102 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmacy8040197 crossref_primary_10_1177_0894439314563916 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_3898 crossref_primary_10_1136_flgastro_2014_100446 crossref_primary_10_4103_CJRM_CJRM_10_18 crossref_primary_10_2196_42131 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11845_019_02081_w crossref_primary_10_2196_44435 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2017_06_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2011_02_008 crossref_primary_10_1111_jep_12576 crossref_primary_10_1177_0034355219846652 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40814_019_0454_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_018_1744_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0097183 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_24244_1 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_24244_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_025_01219_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00784_016_1722_6 crossref_primary_10_3141_2594_08 crossref_primary_10_1002_nau_22328 crossref_primary_10_1080_02699052_2020_1865567 crossref_primary_10_1080_10926771_2017_1311977 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13346_015_0223_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13517 crossref_primary_10_1080_13645579_2019_1629755 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare11030320 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_015_2864_9 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2015_010511 crossref_primary_10_1177_21650799221123261 crossref_primary_10_3928_00220124_20200611_08 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12966_024_01594_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_016_0725_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13049_018_0512_3 crossref_primary_10_1177_14653125231176569 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conctc_2019_100353 crossref_primary_10_7592_Tertium_2023_8_1_248 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2013_06_084 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clineuro_2017_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1155_2011_987924 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_archger_2023_105178 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_016_0180_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12998_022_00439_z crossref_primary_10_1136_jech_2016_208555 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1465_3362_2010_00274_x crossref_primary_10_3109_0142159X_2010_541533 crossref_primary_10_1080_10401334_2015_1077126 crossref_primary_10_1159_000497805 crossref_primary_10_4338_ACI_2012_06_RA_0023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2012_11_046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jand_2012_08_027 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_013_0898_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2012_11_009 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjhp_12239 crossref_primary_10_1111_ger_12171 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_bdj_2010_1081 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_5772 crossref_primary_10_3109_0142159X_2013_836267 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_878042 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_018_3648_9 crossref_primary_10_1177_1556264619826796 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13643_016_0308_3 crossref_primary_10_1080_13674676_2014_961248 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurpub_ckae176 crossref_primary_10_1111_jep_12783 crossref_primary_10_2903_j_efsa_2014_3944 crossref_primary_10_1186_1532_429X_13_57 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10862_019_09744_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s10029_020_02280_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsurg_2011_09_007 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2013_004720 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00431_015_2545_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11845_021_02540_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_012_1985_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13690_022_00909_z crossref_primary_10_2188_jea_JE20180176 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_2595 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2010_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1002_hpm_2372 crossref_primary_10_32674_jis_v12i4_3662 crossref_primary_10_1111_dar_12094 crossref_primary_10_1136_flgastro_2015_100613 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_4542 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_020_03221_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_015_0633_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11269_023_03594_x crossref_primary_10_1177_1525822X14527726 crossref_primary_10_1093_milmed_usaf172 crossref_primary_10_2196_13854 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_2229 crossref_primary_10_1177_0146621613494466 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_015_2734_5 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_50890_1 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_50890_2 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2015_009203 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_019_2702_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_ptj_pzab123 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2012_001181 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_14_69 crossref_primary_10_1186_1745_6215_14_212 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_23767_1 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_23767_2 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0959259810000213 crossref_primary_10_1080_07420528_2022_2121657 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychsport_2015_11_004 crossref_primary_10_1177_2374373520948444 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_1523 crossref_primary_10_1111_opo_12150 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11301_014_0111_y crossref_primary_10_2196_25074 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_021_05515_y crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_069596 crossref_primary_10_3390_su11082306 crossref_primary_10_1002_nur_20386 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12912_021_00661_9 crossref_primary_10_5694_mja2_50117 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11420_020_09817_w crossref_primary_10_1093_eurpub_ckw035 crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2022_2143027 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2016_012834 crossref_primary_10_1177_26320843221106952 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0174882 crossref_primary_10_1111_jep_12618 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_genhosppsych_2016_12_005 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0152863 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_018_5105_6 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_2697 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_011_1454_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2155_8256_15_30315_X crossref_primary_10_1007_BF03261992 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_013_9838_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_1746_6148_9_13 crossref_primary_10_1177_2150135111416017 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17197126 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00192_014_2329_6 crossref_primary_10_2188_jea_JE20100062 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2010_06_001 crossref_primary_10_1080_08989621_2024_2318245 crossref_primary_10_12681_psy_hps_39788 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13561_022_00379_7 crossref_primary_10_3109_17483107_2015_1005031 crossref_primary_10_1002_nau_22284 crossref_primary_10_1080_16549716_2023_2264627 crossref_primary_10_1111_ipd_12950 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_021_04329_y crossref_primary_10_1186_1748_5908_8_43 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12961_018_0345_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_023_01171_w crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_1733 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40258_013_0022_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00238_011_0681_z crossref_primary_10_1080_23322705_2016_1199241 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph15061147 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpurol_2013_02_013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_018_0591_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_019_0702_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_019_4510_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaad_2011_03_017 crossref_primary_10_1111_imj_12330 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_023_07349_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20217024 crossref_primary_10_1177_1525822X17732010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2024_110240 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10508_023_02761_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s11096_012_9739_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_respe_2014_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1080_10496491_2018_1443308 crossref_primary_10_3390_su10062091 crossref_primary_10_1002_hec_3208 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00431_023_05049_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40814_018_0380_7 crossref_primary_10_1136_vr_100924 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eplepsyres_2025_107615 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11764_021_01091_x crossref_primary_10_13181_mji_v27i2_2413 crossref_primary_10_5694_mja2_51523 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_016_1639_z crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1526_4637_2010_00806_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_016_1615_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_022_01553_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_bdj_2018_756 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0019381 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40266_020_00802_w crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_018_5459_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12909_022_03310_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_1472_6947_13_24 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_0500_4_166 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvoice_2018_06_010 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_015_1573_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_jech_2014_205263 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enpol_2012_09_020 crossref_primary_10_1136_archdischild_2019_317501 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2016_011651 crossref_primary_10_2196_12811 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13690_020_00427_w crossref_primary_10_1177_1010539511408712 crossref_primary_10_1080_10967494_2021_1906803 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_019_0868_8 crossref_primary_10_1302_2633_1462_66_BJO_2024_0043_R1 crossref_primary_10_1093_jssam_smac032 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abrep_2023_100499 crossref_primary_10_1017_dmp_2021_274 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajag_12653 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_2759 crossref_primary_10_29219_fnr_v65_7561 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_1414 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_srhc_2020_100502 crossref_primary_10_1159_000516125 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_15580_1 crossref_primary_10_4102_sajip_v40i1_1172 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0146134 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_18939_1 crossref_primary_10_1136_emj_2011_112110 crossref_primary_10_1093_bjsw_bcu077 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_072951 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10620_014_3092_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10029_011_0784_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_00050067_2025_2515078 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_021_01357_z crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_8561 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_015_0165_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10900_021_01050_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajr_12859 crossref_primary_10_1080_17549507_2018_1537372 crossref_primary_10_15446_rsap_v19n1_55105 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12969_017_0191_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_019_0789_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_1369118X_2024_2340995 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_937100 crossref_primary_10_1080_13645579_2023_2189804 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18063300 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph13111154 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_021_01453_0 crossref_primary_10_2188_jea_JE20140025 crossref_primary_10_1186_1472_6947_13_66 crossref_primary_10_1111_jan_13490 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0104828 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2021_598810 crossref_primary_10_1186_1748_5908_5_61 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12904_019_0512_8 crossref_primary_10_2196_73772 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12187_019_09664_0 crossref_primary_10_1177_0163278718807744 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41155_024_00301_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18147216 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12263_013_0351_9 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41415_021_2654_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00101_025_01572_z crossref_primary_10_2196_39854 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurpub_cky161 crossref_primary_10_1177_01632787211030635 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12875_020_01108_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0951484818812443 crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_23651_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_5945_13_14 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_021_01476_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nedt_2013_02_016 crossref_primary_10_2196_49895 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_015_1639_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_016_0155_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0171519 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10899_021_10038_x crossref_primary_10_3390_su71115179 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_midw_2016_09_011 crossref_primary_10_1186_1745_6215_12_259 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13643_023_02270_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_021_02831_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_020_01073_0 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_6342 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291713001670 crossref_primary_10_1080_13548506_2013_764459 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_014_0613_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_024_08565_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_024_08214_6 crossref_primary_10_7227_IJS_22_2_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12961_023_01027_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_hir_12006 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_010_9463_3 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_3904 crossref_primary_10_1080_08820538_2025_2457590 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2288_11_126 crossref_primary_10_1136_injuryprev_2015_041581 crossref_primary_10_1177_1064804615623631 crossref_primary_10_1080_10696679_2025_2537664 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_015_0808_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_015_0578_4 crossref_primary_10_1097_BRS_0000000000003760 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_021_01421_8 crossref_primary_10_5888_pcd17_200026 crossref_primary_10_1080_0309877X_2020_1826032 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_8118 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11096_022_01467_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_otsr_2014_10_018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00038_012_0404_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_0017896912469577 crossref_primary_10_1111_aos_12848 crossref_primary_10_1177_1060028017711454 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_019_0799_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_020_00955_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13054_024_04919_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2014_03_021 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_016_1732_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_023_07604_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyx133 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_022_13653_4 crossref_primary_10_3109_00952990_2011_563337 crossref_primary_10_1080_14635240_2017_1312479 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_025_12733_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_1525822X221132401 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13017_021_00396_7 crossref_primary_10_1080_1034912X_2025_2467355 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cptl_2015_04_010 crossref_primary_10_1002_gps_4006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpainsymman_2021_04_019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12630_021_01941_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_MR000008_pub5 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2288_12_132 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_022_01729_z crossref_primary_10_1212_CPJ_0000000000200475 crossref_primary_10_2196_28667 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub4 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1469-493X |
| ExternalDocumentID | 19588449 |
| Genre | Meta-Analysis Systematic Review Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- 53G 5GY 7PX 9HA ABJNI ACGFO ACGFS AENEX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AYR CGR CUY CVF D7G ECM EIF HYE NPM OEC OK1 P2P RWY WOW ZYTZH 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c6074-3ffeea17cc6f691b29f24087cff33d07fe85c94ea9fcf756d3af1c8c6b05252d2 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 782 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000268037800036&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1469-493X |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 09 12:30:23 EST 2025 Tue Jun 24 01:30:52 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c6074-3ffeea17cc6f691b29f24087cff33d07fe85c94ea9fcf756d3af1c8c6b05252d2 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-4 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub4/pdf/full |
| PMID | 19588449 |
| PQID | 67465183 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_67465183 pubmed_primary_19588449 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2009-07-08 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2009-07-08 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2009 text: 2009-07-08 day: 08 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Cochrane database of systematic reviews |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Cochrane Database Syst Rev |
| PublicationYear | 2009 |
| References | 38032037 - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Nov 30;11:MR000008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub5. 17443629 - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr 18;(2):MR000008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub3. |
| References_xml | – reference: 17443629 - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr 18;(2):MR000008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub3. – reference: 38032037 - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Nov 30;11:MR000008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000008.pub5. |
| SSID | ssj0039118 |
| Score | 2.5458179 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Postal and electronic questionnaires are widely used for data collection in epidemiological studies but non-response reduces the effective sample size and can... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | MR000008 |
| SubjectTerms | Correspondence as Topic Electronic Mail Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Reminder Systems Reward Surveys and Questionnaires |
| Title | Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19588449 https://www.proquest.com/docview/67465183 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000268037800036&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpZ1LT4QwEMeb1TXGi-_H-uzBKy5QoG1iYoy68cJmD5pwI9B2kk0MrMvq57dTQE_GgxcOJJAyTId_mMePkGvOUXeIwhMQGS8CyTwJJvR0EMVMaR6ALh1sgk-nIsvkbEBu-14YLKvsY6IL1LpW-I98nHCkdgt2t3j3kBmFudUOoLFGhswKGfRpnn3nEJjdxqLtLUKOGsv6_mA_HAfuXrG4SR1vzRf48NHvItN9bCY7_1vmLtnuRCa9b71ijwxMtU820y6NfkAeU8eNbuiqpvMKdWNj6LKtljV4clFb0fhGi0rTH04Odeuw77EqbJxsDsnr5Onl4dnrcAqeSrDqkgEYUwRcqQQSGZShBJxvxhUAY9rnYESsZGQKCQp4nGhWQKCESkpk3YU6PCLrVV2ZE0JjzUMIlS-ksabUXJYctYxRIKwAMfGIXPXWya27Yg6iqEz90eS9fUbkuDVwvminauQ49UZEkTz989ozstXmdLjni3MyBLtRzQXZUJ-rebO8dF5gj9NZ-gWgqrzy |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Methods+to+increase+response+to+postal+and+electronic+questionnaires&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+database+of+systematic+reviews&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Philip+James&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Ian&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Mike+J&rft.au=Diguiseppi%2C+Carolyn&rft.date=2009-07-08&rft.issn=1469-493X&rft.eissn=1469-493X&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=MR000008&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F14651858.MR000008.pub4&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1469-493X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1469-493X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1469-493X&client=summon |