Time course of the sensitivity and specificity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies for symptomatic COVID-19 in Japan

The accurate and prompt diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for the control and treatment of the coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to investigate the time courses of the anti-severe acute corona respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgM and Ig...

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Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 2776 - 10
Main Authors: Nakano, Yuki, Kurano, Makoto, Morita, Yoshifumi, Shimura, Takuya, Yokoyama, Rin, Qian, Chungen, Xia, Fuzhen, He, Fan, Kishi, Yoshiro, Okada, Jun, Yoshikawa, Naoyuki, Nagura, Yutaka, Okazaki, Hitoshi, Moriya, Kyoji, Seto, Yasuyuki, Kodama, Tatsuhiko, Yatomi, Yutaka
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 02.02.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
692/53/2421
692/699/255
Antibody Specificity
Chemiluminescence
Coronaviridae
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 Testing
Diagnosis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - immunology
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M - immunology
Japan
multidisciplinary
Nucleocapsids
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensitivity analysis
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike protein
Japan
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Summary:The accurate and prompt diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for the control and treatment of the coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to investigate the time courses of the anti-severe acute corona respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgM and IgG titers and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of such tests according to the specific day after the onset of COVID-19 among a patient population in Japan. We measured the titers of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in sera from 105 subjects, including 26 symptomatic COVID-19 patients, using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) methods utilizing magnetic beads coated with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike protein. The results of a ROC analysis suggested the possibility that the cutoff values in Japan might be lower than the manufacturer’s reported cutoff (10 AU/mL): 1  AU/mL for IgM and 5  AU/mL for IgG. The sensitivity of the test before Day 8 after symptom onset was less than 50%; at Days 9–10, however, we obtained a much higher sensitivity of 81.8% for both IgM and IgG. At 15 days or later after symptom onset, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG test had a sensitivity of 100%. These results suggest that if the number of days since disease onset is taken into consideration, these antibody tests could be very useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-82428-5