Ideological differences in the expanse of the moral circle
Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives ex...
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| Vydáno v: | Nature communications Ročník 10; číslo 1; s. 4389 - 12 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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London
Nature Publishing Group UK
26.09.2019
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
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| ISSN: | 2041-1723, 2041-1723 |
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| Abstract | Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences.
How do liberals and conservatives differ in their expression of compassion and moral concern? The authors show that conservatives tend to express concern toward smaller, more well-defined, and less permeable social circles, while liberals express concern toward larger, less well-defined, and more permeable social circles. |
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| AbstractList | Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences. Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences. Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences. How do liberals and conservatives differ in their expression of compassion and moral concern? The authors show that conservatives tend to express concern toward smaller, more well-defined, and less permeable social circles, while liberals express concern toward larger, less well-defined, and more permeable social circles. Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences. How do liberals and conservatives differ in their expression of compassion and moral concern? The authors show that conservatives tend to express concern toward smaller, more well-defined, and less permeable social circles, while liberals express concern toward larger, less well-defined, and more permeable social circles. How do liberals and conservatives differ in their expression of compassion and moral concern? The authors show that conservatives tend to express concern toward smaller, more well-defined, and less permeable social circles, while liberals express concern toward larger, less well-defined, and more permeable social circles. Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences.Do clashes between ideologies reflect policy differences or something more fundamental? The present research suggests they reflect core psychological differences such that liberals express compassion toward less structured and more encompassing entities (i.e., universalism), whereas conservatives express compassion toward more well-defined and less encompassing entities (i.e., parochialism). Here we report seven studies illustrating universalist versus parochial differences in compassion. Studies 1a-1c show that liberals, relative to conservatives, express greater moral concern toward friends relative to family, and the world relative to the nation. Studies 2a-2b demonstrate these universalist versus parochial preferences extend toward simple shapes depicted as proxies for loose versus tight social circles. Using stimuli devoid of political relevance demonstrates that the universalist-parochialist distinction does not simply reflect differing policy preferences. Studies 3a-3b indicate these universalist versus parochial tendencies extend to humans versus nonhumans more generally, demonstrating the breadth of these psychological differences. |
| ArticleNumber | 4389 |
| Author | Haidt, Jonathan Waytz, Adam Young, Liane Iyer, Ravi Graham, Jesse |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Adam surname: Waytz fullname: Waytz, Adam email: a-waytz@kellogg.northwestern.edu organization: Northwestern University – sequence: 2 givenname: Ravi surname: Iyer fullname: Iyer, Ravi organization: Facebook – sequence: 3 givenname: Liane surname: Young fullname: Young, Liane organization: Boston College – sequence: 4 givenname: Jonathan surname: Haidt fullname: Haidt, Jonathan organization: New York University, Kaufman Management Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Jesse surname: Graham fullname: Graham, Jesse organization: University of Utah, Spencer Fox Eccles Business Building |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31558713$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Sci.20081937838410.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02096.x GrahamJWaytzAMeindlPIyerRYoungLCentripetal and centrifugal forces in the moral circle: competing constraints on moral learningCognition2017167586510.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.001 P Singer (12227_CR4) 1981 SP Koleva (12227_CR20) 2012; 46 R Iyer (12227_CR34) 2012; 7 K Dhont (12227_CR23) 2014; 61 BJ Scholl (12227_CR42) 2000; 4 12227_CR41 12227_CR1 12227_CR3 S McFarland (12227_CR40) 2008; 36 12227_CR2 S Opotow (12227_CR7) 1990; 46 JR Alford (12227_CR29) 2005; 99 D Crimston (12227_CR17) 2016; 111 J Haidt (12227_CR27) 2012 KJ Gergen (12227_CR35) 1973; 26 12227_CR19 NJ Shook (12227_CR33) 2009; 45 JR Hibbing (12227_CR31) 2014; 37 M Deutsch (12227_CR6) 1990; 46 JT Jost (12227_CR36) 2006; 61 J Haidt (12227_CR14) 2004; 133 JT Jost (12227_CR12) 2007; 33 J Haidt (12227_CR15) 2007; 20 MD Dodd (12227_CR32) 2012; 367 H Bernhard (12227_CR24) 2006; 442 C Welzel (12227_CR18) 2013 TG Okimoto (12227_CR44) 2016; 111 GV Caprara (12227_CR9) 2018; 39 JT Jost (12227_CR10) 2009; 60 J Graham (12227_CR16) 2009; 96 AF Hayes (12227_CR21) 2013 E Burke (12227_CR5) 1790 J Graham (12227_CR37) 2017; 167 NS Kteily (12227_CR43) 2017; 112 12227_CR38 J Block (12227_CR30) 2006; 40 AD Galinsky (12227_CR26) 2008; 19 CK De Dreu (12227_CR25) 2011; 108 K Sylwester (12227_CR28) 2015; 10 JT Jost (12227_CR11) 2003; 129 JC Turner (12227_CR8) 1987 K Dhont (12227_CR22) 2014; 64 DR Carney (12227_CR13) 2008; 29 SH Schwartz (12227_CR39) 1992; 25 |
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