GAWMerge expands GWAS sample size and diversity by combining array-based genotyping and whole-genome sequencing
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing c...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Communications biology Vol. 5; no. 1; pp. 806 - 9 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
11.08.2022
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 2399-3642, 2399-3642 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries.
GAWMerge is a computational tool that allows users to integrate SNP genotyping data from array techniques or whole-genome sequencing, providing a feasible method to leverage existing cohorts to increase sample size in genetic studies. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries.GAWMerge is a computational tool that allows users to integrate SNP genotyping data from array techniques or whole-genome sequencing, providing a feasible method to leverage existing cohorts to increase sample size in genetic studies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries. GAWMerge is a computational tool that allows users to integrate SNP genotyping data from array techniques or whole-genome sequencing, providing a feasible method to leverage existing cohorts to increase sample size in genetic studies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries. GAWMerge is a computational tool that allows users to integrate SNP genotyping data from array techniques or whole-genome sequencing, providing a feasible method to leverage existing cohorts to increase sample size in genetic studies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries.Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries. |
| ArticleNumber | 806 |
| Author | Young, Kendra Mathur, Ravi Hancock, Dana B. Fang, Fang Silverman, Edwin K. Hokanson, John E. Gaddis, Nathan Johnson, Eric O. Page, Grier P. Lutz, Sharon M. Cho, Michael H. Bierut, Laura J. Smith, Albert V. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ravi orcidid: 0000-0001-6785-0032 surname: Mathur fullname: Mathur, Ravi organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International – sequence: 2 givenname: Fang orcidid: 0000-0001-9829-2934 surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Fang organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International – sequence: 3 givenname: Nathan surname: Gaddis fullname: Gaddis, Nathan organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International – sequence: 4 givenname: Dana B. orcidid: 0000-0003-2240-3604 surname: Hancock fullname: Hancock, Dana B. organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael H. orcidid: 0000-0002-4907-1657 surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Michael H. organization: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital – sequence: 6 givenname: John E. surname: Hokanson fullname: Hokanson, John E. organization: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver – sequence: 7 givenname: Laura J. surname: Bierut fullname: Bierut, Laura J. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University – sequence: 8 givenname: Sharon M. surname: Lutz fullname: Lutz, Sharon M. organization: PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care – sequence: 9 givenname: Kendra orcidid: 0000-0002-8664-7635 surname: Young fullname: Young, Kendra organization: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver – sequence: 10 givenname: Albert V. surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Albert V. organization: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan – sequence: 12 givenname: Edwin K. surname: Silverman fullname: Silverman, Edwin K. organization: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital – sequence: 13 givenname: Grier P. orcidid: 0000-0003-2582-3786 surname: Page fullname: Page, Grier P. organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Fellow Program, RTI International – sequence: 14 givenname: Eric O. orcidid: 0000-0002-8870-1949 surname: Johnson fullname: Johnson, Eric O. email: ejohnson@rti.org organization: GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Fellow Program, RTI International |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35953715$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9Uk1v1DAQjVARLaV_gAOKxIVLYPyV2BekVUWXSkUcAPVoOc5s6lViL3a27fLr8e6W0vbQk603770Zj9_r4sAHj0XxlsBHAkx-SpwCsAoorYA1TFb1i-KIMqUqVnN68OB-WJyktAQAopSqGX9VHDKhBGuIOCrCfHb5DWOPJd6ujO9SOb-c_SiTGVcDlsn9wTKjZeeuMSY3bcp2U9owts4735cmRrOpWpOwK3v0YdqsdnBW3FyFAastOGYf_L1Gb3PtTfFyYYaEJ3fncfHr7MvP06_Vxff5-ensorI11FOlLF-ItqkZQd4JYC0YaWXDGChDkBBDWEdUJ9saGyIl5wqEqkljWSNMmxdzXJzvfbtglnoV3WjiRgfj9A4IsdcmTs4OqMEasiCmhgaAM8nbbsEtEtsx0UpAkb0-771W63bEzqKfohkemT6ueHel-3CtFWsoCJkNPtwZxJAXkSY9umRxGIzHsE6aNkCJokrQTH3_hLoM6-jzqrYsUEQ0kmfWu4cT3Y_y718zge4JNoaUIi7uKQT0Nj96nx-d86N3-dF1FsknIusmM7mwfZUbnpeyvTTlPr7H-H_sZ1R_AXw02OY |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12864_025_11250_4 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X23000833 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.003 10.1089/aid.2016.0017 10.1159/000330149 10.1186/s12864-020-06919-x 10.1002/gepi.20482 10.1093/hmg/ddl438 10.1038/ng.3247 10.1093/hmg/ddr524 10.1371/journal.pone.0022208 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70002-5 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.009 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.11.002 10.1038/s41586-021-03205-y 10.1038/nmeth.1785 10.1086/519795 10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z 10.1038/ncomms4934 10.1038/ng.3656 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw079 10.1038/ng.249 10.1038/ng.3752 10.1016/S0065-2660(07)00401-4 10.1038/ng2068 10.1007/s00439-013-1266-7 10.1371/journal.pone.0173997 10.1038/s41586-019-1310-4 10.1007/s00439-010-0880-x 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008500 10.1093/hmg/ddl441 10.1038/s41586-019-1793-z 10.3109/15412550903499522 10.1111/adb.12286 10.1183/09031936.00111707 10.1093/gigascience/giab008 10.1089/can.2021.0080 10.1038/s41431-021-00917-7 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2022 2022. The Author(s). The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2022 – notice: 2022. The Author(s). – notice: The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| CorporateAuthor | NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium |
| CorporateAuthor_xml | – name: NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium |
| DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7XB 88I 8FE 8FH 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ HCIFZ LK8 M2P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1038/s42003-022-03738-6 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection Biological Sciences Science Database Biological Science Database Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 2399-3642 |
| EndPage | 9 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_0ca1f1a607004384bdf4ce1cd35b80e5 PMC9372058 35953715 10_1038_s42003_022_03738_6 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) grantid: R01 DA044014 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100000026 – fundername: NIEHS NIH HHS grantid: HHSN268201600032C – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: OT3 HL142478 – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: HHSN268201500014C – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: R01 HL120393 – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: U01 HL089897 – fundername: NHGRI NIH HHS grantid: U01 HG004422 – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: OT3 HL147154 – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: OT3 HL142479 – fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS grantid: R01 HL089856 – fundername: NIDA NIH HHS grantid: R01 DA044014 – fundername: ; grantid: R01 DA044014 |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 53G 88I AAJSJ ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACSMW ACUHS ADBBV AFKRA AJTQC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI C6C CCPQU DWQXO EBLON EBS GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ HCIFZ HYE M2P M7P M~E NAO O9- OK1 PGMZT PIMPY RNT RPM SNYQT AASML AAYXX AFFHD CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7XB 8FE 8FH 8FK AARCD LK8 PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c606t-9c4f5b7631e4d503b0a8c873309a1e11a13d19d8b6e7188449059617c375ab003 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 3 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000839651500003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2399-3642 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:51:43 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 01:53:25 EST 2025 Sun Nov 09 11:01:53 EST 2025 Wed Aug 13 07:16:08 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:03:56 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 04:16:58 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:29:03 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:39:55 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | 2022. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c606t-9c4f5b7631e4d503b0a8c873309a1e11a13d19d8b6e7188449059617c375ab003 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8664-7635 0000-0001-9829-2934 0000-0002-4907-1657 0000-0003-2240-3604 0000-0003-2582-3786 0000-0002-8870-1949 0000-0001-6785-0032 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/0ca1f1a607004384bdf4ce1cd35b80e5 |
| PMID | 35953715 |
| PQID | 2700915784 |
| PQPubID | 4669726 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_0ca1f1a607004384bdf4ce1cd35b80e5 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9372058 proquest_miscellaneous_2702192952 proquest_journals_2700915784 pubmed_primary_35953715 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_03738_6 crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s42003_022_03738_6 springer_journals_10_1038_s42003_022_03738_6 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-08-11 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-08-11 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2022 text: 2022-08-11 day: 11 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Communications biology |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Commun Biol |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Commun Biol |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Publishing Group – name: Nature Portfolio |
| References | Delaneau, Marchini (CR35) 2014; 5 Rao (CR3) 2008; 60 Saccone (CR21) 2007; 16 Bycroft (CR16) 2018; 562 Ho, Lange (CR10) 2010; 128 Kowalski (CR15) 2019; 15 Taliun (CR26) 2021; 590 CR37 Cho (CR27) 2012; 21 CR33 Wojcik (CR29) 2019; 570 Todd (CR4) 2007; 39 Luca (CR1) 2008; 82 Bierut (CR20) 2007; 16 Lo (CR9) 2018; 94 Regan (CR22) 2010; 7 Cho (CR24) 2014; 2 Johnson (CR5) 2016; 21 Mukherjee (CR11) 2011; 72 Gudbjartsson (CR31) 2015; 47 Hobbs (CR28) 2017; 49 CR8 Purcell (CR32) 2007; 81 van Manen (CR6) 2011; 6 Wall (CR17) 2019; 576 Das (CR19) 2016; 48 Lindstrom (CR14) 2017; 12 CR25 Danilov, Nikogosov, Musienko, Baranova (CR18) 2020; 21 Zhan, Hu, Li, Abecasis, Liu (CR36) 2016; 32 Xie (CR7) 2017; 33 Johnson (CR13) 2013; 132 Vestbo (CR23) 2008; 31 Abel, Duncavage (CR30) 2013; 206 Zhuang (CR12) 2010; 34 Cooper (CR2) 2008; 40 Delaneau, Marchini, Zagury (CR34) 2011; 9 MH Cho (3738_CR24) 2014; 2 S Das (3738_CR19) 2016; 48 3738_CR37 LA Ho (3738_CR10) 2010; 128 S Mukherjee (3738_CR11) 2011; 72 S Lindstrom (3738_CR14) 2017; 12 SF Saccone (3738_CR21) 2007; 16 DF Gudbjartsson (3738_CR31) 2015; 47 MH Cho (3738_CR27) 2012; 21 D van Manen (3738_CR6) 2011; 6 3738_CR33 JD Cooper (3738_CR2) 2008; 40 JJ Zhuang (3738_CR12) 2010; 34 BD Hobbs (3738_CR28) 2017; 49 LJ Bierut (3738_CR20) 2007; 16 MH Kowalski (3738_CR15) 2019; 15 D Taliun (3738_CR26) 2021; 590 3738_CR25 S Purcell (3738_CR32) 2007; 81 3738_CR8 X Zhan (3738_CR36) 2016; 32 GL Wojcik (3738_CR29) 2019; 570 D Luca (3738_CR1) 2008; 82 J Vestbo (3738_CR23) 2008; 31 W Xie (3738_CR7) 2017; 33 HJ Abel (3738_CR30) 2013; 206 C Bycroft (3738_CR16) 2018; 562 JD Wall (3738_CR17) 2019; 576 EO Johnson (3738_CR13) 2013; 132 DC Rao (3738_CR3) 2008; 60 JA Todd (3738_CR4) 2007; 39 O Delaneau (3738_CR34) 2011; 9 EO Johnson (3738_CR5) 2016; 21 EA Regan (3738_CR22) 2010; 7 O Delaneau (3738_CR35) 2014; 5 A Lo (3738_CR9) 2018; 94 KA Danilov (3738_CR18) 2020; 21 |
| References_xml | – volume: 82 start-page: 453 year: 2008 end-page: 463 ident: CR1 article-title: On the use of general control samples for genome-wide association studies: genetic matching highlights causal variants publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.003 – volume: 33 start-page: 597 year: 2017 end-page: 609 ident: CR7 article-title: Genome-wide analyses reveal gene influence on HIV disease progression and HIV-1C acquisition in Southern Africa publication-title: AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. doi: 10.1089/aid.2016.0017 – volume: 72 start-page: 21 year: 2011 end-page: 34 ident: CR11 article-title: Including additional controls from public databases improves the power of a genome-wide association study publication-title: Hum. Hered. doi: 10.1159/000330149 – ident: CR37 – volume: 21 year: 2020 ident: CR18 article-title: A comparison of BeadChip and WGS genotyping outputs using partial validation by sanger sequencing publication-title: BMC Genom. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06919-x – volume: 34 start-page: 319 year: 2010 end-page: 326 ident: CR12 article-title: Optimizing the power of genome-wide association studies by using publicly available reference samples to expand the control group publication-title: Genet. Epidemiol doi: 10.1002/gepi.20482 – volume: 16 start-page: 36 year: 2007 end-page: 49 ident: CR21 article-title: Cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes implicated in a nicotine dependence association study targeting 348 candidate genes with 3713 SNPs publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl438 – ident: CR33 – volume: 47 start-page: 435 year: 2015 end-page: 444 ident: CR31 article-title: Large-scale whole-genome sequencing of the Icelandic population publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3247 – ident: CR8 – volume: 21 start-page: 947 year: 2012 end-page: 957 ident: CR27 article-title: A genome-wide association study of COPD identifies a susceptibility locus on chromosome 19q13 publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr524 – ident: CR25 – volume: 6 start-page: e22208 year: 2011 ident: CR6 article-title: Genome-wide association scan in HIV-1-infected individuals identifying variants influencing disease course publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022208 – volume: 2 start-page: 214 year: 2014 end-page: 225 ident: CR24 article-title: Risk loci for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis publication-title: Lancet Respir. Med. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70002-5 – volume: 94 start-page: 41 year: 2018 end-page: 46 ident: CR9 article-title: Factors associated with methadone maintenance therapy discontinuation among people who inject drugs publication-title: J. Subst. Abuse Treat. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.009 – volume: 206 start-page: 432 year: 2013 end-page: 440 ident: CR30 article-title: Detection of structural DNA variation from next generation sequencing data: a review of informatic approaches publication-title: Cancer Genet doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.11.002 – volume: 590 start-page: 290 year: 2021 end-page: 299 ident: CR26 article-title: Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03205-y – volume: 9 start-page: 179 year: 2011 end-page: 181 ident: CR34 article-title: A linear complexity phasing method for thousands of genomes publication-title: Nat. Methods doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1785 – volume: 81 start-page: 559 year: 2007 end-page: 575 ident: CR32 article-title: PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1086/519795 – volume: 562 start-page: 203 year: 2018 end-page: 209 ident: CR16 article-title: The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z – volume: 5 year: 2014 ident: CR35 article-title: Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4934 – volume: 48 start-page: 1284 year: 2016 end-page: 1287 ident: CR19 article-title: Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3656 – volume: 32 start-page: 1423 year: 2016 end-page: 1426 ident: CR36 article-title: RVTESTS: an efficient and comprehensive tool for rare variant association analysis using sequence data publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw079 – volume: 40 start-page: 1399 year: 2008 end-page: 1401 ident: CR2 article-title: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data identifies additional type 1 diabetes risk loci publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.249 – volume: 49 start-page: 426 year: 2017 end-page: 432 ident: CR28 article-title: Genetic loci associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap with loci for lung function and pulmonary fibrosis publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3752 – volume: 60 start-page: 3 year: 2008 end-page: 34 ident: CR3 article-title: An overview of the genetic dissection of complex traits publication-title: Adv. Genet. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2660(07)00401-4 – volume: 39 start-page: 857 year: 2007 end-page: 864 ident: CR4 article-title: Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng2068 – volume: 132 start-page: 509 year: 2013 end-page: 522 ident: CR13 article-title: Imputation across genotyping arrays for genome-wide association studies: assessment of bias and a correction strategy publication-title: Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00439-013-1266-7 – volume: 12 start-page: e0173997 year: 2017 ident: CR14 article-title: A comprehensive survey of genetic variation in 20,691 subjects from four large cohorts publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173997 – volume: 570 start-page: 514 year: 2019 end-page: 518 ident: CR29 article-title: Genetic analyses of diverse populations improves discovery for complex traits publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1310-4 – volume: 128 start-page: 597 year: 2010 end-page: 608 ident: CR10 article-title: Using public control genotype data to increase power and decrease cost of case–control genetic association studies publication-title: Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00439-010-0880-x – volume: 15 start-page: e1008500 year: 2019 ident: CR15 article-title: Use of >100,000 NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) consortium whole genome sequences improves imputation quality and detection of rare variant associations in admixed African and Hispanic/Latino populations publication-title: PLoS Genet doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008500 – volume: 16 start-page: 24 year: 2007 end-page: 35 ident: CR20 article-title: Novel genes identified in a high-density genome wide association study for nicotine dependence publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl441 – volume: 576 start-page: 106 year: 2019 end-page: 111 ident: CR17 article-title: The GenomeAsia 100K project enables genetic discoveries across Asia publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1793-z – volume: 7 start-page: 32 year: 2010 end-page: 43 ident: CR22 article-title: Genetic epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study design publication-title: COPD doi: 10.3109/15412550903499522 – volume: 21 start-page: 1217 year: 2016 end-page: 1232 ident: CR5 article-title: KAT2B polymorphism identified for drug abuse in African Americans with regulatory links to drug abuse pathways in human prefrontal cortex publication-title: Addict. Biol. doi: 10.1111/adb.12286 – volume: 31 start-page: 869 year: 2008 end-page: 873 ident: CR23 article-title: Evaluation of COPD longitudinally to identify predictive surrogate end-points (ECLIPSE) publication-title: Eur. Respi.r J. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00111707 – volume: 21 start-page: 1217 year: 2016 ident: 3738_CR5 publication-title: Addict. Biol. doi: 10.1111/adb.12286 – ident: 3738_CR37 – ident: 3738_CR33 doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giab008 – volume: 590 start-page: 290 year: 2021 ident: 3738_CR26 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03205-y – volume: 128 start-page: 597 year: 2010 ident: 3738_CR10 publication-title: Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00439-010-0880-x – ident: 3738_CR8 doi: 10.1089/can.2021.0080 – volume: 206 start-page: 432 year: 2013 ident: 3738_CR30 publication-title: Cancer Genet doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.11.002 – volume: 132 start-page: 509 year: 2013 ident: 3738_CR13 publication-title: Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00439-013-1266-7 – volume: 39 start-page: 857 year: 2007 ident: 3738_CR4 publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng2068 – volume: 82 start-page: 453 year: 2008 ident: 3738_CR1 publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.003 – volume: 49 start-page: 426 year: 2017 ident: 3738_CR28 publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3752 – volume: 72 start-page: 21 year: 2011 ident: 3738_CR11 publication-title: Hum. Hered. doi: 10.1159/000330149 – ident: 3738_CR25 doi: 10.1038/s41431-021-00917-7 – volume: 94 start-page: 41 year: 2018 ident: 3738_CR9 publication-title: J. Subst. Abuse Treat. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.009 – volume: 15 start-page: e1008500 year: 2019 ident: 3738_CR15 publication-title: PLoS Genet doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008500 – volume: 32 start-page: 1423 year: 2016 ident: 3738_CR36 publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw079 – volume: 48 start-page: 1284 year: 2016 ident: 3738_CR19 publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3656 – volume: 6 start-page: e22208 year: 2011 ident: 3738_CR6 publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022208 – volume: 34 start-page: 319 year: 2010 ident: 3738_CR12 publication-title: Genet. Epidemiol doi: 10.1002/gepi.20482 – volume: 562 start-page: 203 year: 2018 ident: 3738_CR16 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z – volume: 16 start-page: 36 year: 2007 ident: 3738_CR21 publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl438 – volume: 5 year: 2014 ident: 3738_CR35 publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4934 – volume: 21 year: 2020 ident: 3738_CR18 publication-title: BMC Genom. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-06919-x – volume: 9 start-page: 179 year: 2011 ident: 3738_CR34 publication-title: Nat. Methods doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1785 – volume: 33 start-page: 597 year: 2017 ident: 3738_CR7 publication-title: AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. doi: 10.1089/aid.2016.0017 – volume: 570 start-page: 514 year: 2019 ident: 3738_CR29 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1310-4 – volume: 21 start-page: 947 year: 2012 ident: 3738_CR27 publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr524 – volume: 60 start-page: 3 year: 2008 ident: 3738_CR3 publication-title: Adv. Genet. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2660(07)00401-4 – volume: 2 start-page: 214 year: 2014 ident: 3738_CR24 publication-title: Lancet Respir. Med. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70002-5 – volume: 40 start-page: 1399 year: 2008 ident: 3738_CR2 publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.249 – volume: 81 start-page: 559 year: 2007 ident: 3738_CR32 publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet. doi: 10.1086/519795 – volume: 47 start-page: 435 year: 2015 ident: 3738_CR31 publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng.3247 – volume: 31 start-page: 869 year: 2008 ident: 3738_CR23 publication-title: Eur. Respi.r J. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00111707 – volume: 12 start-page: e0173997 year: 2017 ident: 3738_CR14 publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173997 – volume: 16 start-page: 24 year: 2007 ident: 3738_CR20 publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl441 – volume: 576 start-page: 106 year: 2019 ident: 3738_CR17 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1793-z – volume: 7 start-page: 32 year: 2010 ident: 3738_CR22 publication-title: COPD doi: 10.3109/15412550903499522 |
| SSID | ssj0001999634 |
| Score | 2.2129974 |
| Snippet | Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many... GAWMerge is a computational tool that allows users to integrate SNP genotyping data from array techniques or whole-genome sequencing, providing a feasible... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 806 |
| SubjectTerms | 45/43 631/114 631/208/205/2138 Biomedical and Life Sciences Computer applications Genome-wide association studies Genome-Wide Association Study - methods Genomes Genotype Genotypes Genotyping Life Sciences Phenotype Precision medicine Sample Size Single-nucleotide polymorphism Whole genome sequencing Whole Genome Sequencing - methods |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lj9MwELagCxIX3o_AgozEDayNazu2T6iLdpcDVCteu7fIsR2oBElJukD59Xgct1V57IWr7SROZjwz8Yy_D6Enkgvm5Lgm3ilBeCEMqbyQJA-ja1p7oWOV74dXcjpVp6f6OG249amscmUTo6F2rYU98j1IkGoa9Is_n38lwBoF2dVEoXER7QBSGR-hnf2D6fGbzS4LxPOMp9MyOVN7PY_lWFDEngOqDym2PFIE7v9btPln0eRvmdPokA6v_e-rXEdXUyiKJ4Pu3EAXfHMTXR7IKZe3UHs0OXkNZzOx_zGHA8H46GTyFvcG8IRxP_vpcWjFblXYgaslDs-vIuMENl1nlgR8pMOAA7tYzmNzuOI7UPISaPwS7jOUcoe-2-j94cG7Fy9JomcgNvz1LIi2vBZVsE_UcydyVuVGWSUZy7WhnlJDmaPaqarwwQEqzjVQ_VBpmRQGrMkdNGraxt9D2AktlAvRSsV0iN-8Krj22ktTM1PZQmeIrkRU2oRdDhQan8uYQ2eqHMRaBrGWUaxlkaGn62vmA3LHuaP3QfLrkYC6HRva7mOZFnGZW0NraopcxgQqr1zNrafWMVGp3IsM7a4EXiZT0JcbaWfo8bo7LGLIzJjGt2dxTPAcYy3GGbo7qNl6JnBymkkabi63FHBrqts9zexTBArXQEEkVIaerVR1M61_f4r757_FA3RlHFePIpTuotGiO_MP0SX7bTHru0dpAf4CohU3kg priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | GAWMerge expands GWAS sample size and diversity by combining array-based genotyping and whole-genome sequencing |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s42003-022-03738-6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35953715 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2700915784 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2702192952 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9372058 https://doaj.org/article/0ca1f1a607004384bdf4ce1cd35b80e5 |
| Volume | 5 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000839651500003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20180101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20180101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20220101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20220101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20220101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2399-3642 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001999634 issn: 2399-3642 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 20220101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Nb9MwFLdgA4nLxOfIGJWRuIG1OLZj-9ihbSDRKuJr5RQ5tiMqQVo1HVD-evyctKx8Xrj4YD9b1vuwX_Kefw-hx5IL5mRWE--UIDwXhlReSJIG6prWXuiY5fvupRyP1WSii0ulviAnrIMH7hh3lFpDa2ryVMagFa9cza2n1jFRqdRH9NLg9Vz6mIp_V8CPZ7x_JZMyddTymIYFyespoPmQfOsmioD9v_Myf02W_CliGi-i05tor_cg8bDb-S10xTe30fWupuTqDpqdDc9H8KQS-69zeMeLz86Hr3FrAAYYt9NvHode7Nb5GLha4aB1VSwUgc1iYVYErjaHAb51uZrH7jDjC1TSJdD5KazTZWCHsbvo7enJm2fPSV9VgdjwsbIk2vJaVOFYoZ47kbIqNcoqyViqDfWUGsoc1U5VuQ_3luJcQ4UeKi2TwsAhcA_tNLPG30fYCS2UC05GxXRwu7zKufbaS1MzU9lcJ4iuOVzaHnIcKl98LGPom6myk0oZpFJGqZR5gp5s5sw7wI2_Uh-D4DaUAJYdO4IKlb0Klf9SoQQdrsVe9hbclhCQ1zScZzxBjzbDwfYgoGIaP7uINOHAz7TIErTfaclmJ_DgmUkaFpdb-rO11e2RZvoh4ntrqBwkVIKerjXtx7b-zIqD_8GKB-hGFk1EEUoP0c5yceEfomv283LaLgboqpyoAdo9PhkXrwbR4kI7ygpoZWh3ixej4v13dLsuhg |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Jb9QwFLZKAcGFfQkUMBKcwGqc2LF9QGhYuqjTUSVK21twbAdGgplhMqWEH8VvxM9JZjQsvfXA1XYsO_ne83Pe8iH0RDCeWpGUxFnJCcu4JoXjgsR-dElLx1WI8j3oi8FAHh2pvRX0s8uFgbDKTicGRW3HBv6Rr4ODVFGPL_Zy8pUAaxR4VzsKjQYWO64-8Ve26sX2G_99nybJxtv911ukZRUgxhvrM6IMK3nhxYo6ZnmcFrGWRgp_r1eaOko1TS1VVhaZ83pbMqaAoYYKkwquQQj8vOfQeW9GJDKECu4t_unA7SFlbW5OnMr1ioXgLwiZj6GGEMmWzr9AE_A32_bPEM3f_LTh-Nu4-r-9uGvoSmto414jGdfRihvdQBcb6s36Jhpv9g53IfMUu-8TSHfGm4e9d7jSUC0ZV8MfDvtWbLuwFVzU2O-3CHwaWE-nuiZgAVgMVW5n9SQ0-ydOgHCYQOMXP08TqO77bqH3Z7Lb22h1NB65uwhbrri03hYrUuWtUyczppxyQpepLkymIkQ7SOSmrcwOBCGf8xAhkMq8gVHuYZQHGOVZhJ7Nn5k0dUlOHf0KkDYfCTXFQ8N4-jFvVVQeG01LqrNYBPcwK2zJjKPGpryQseMRWusAlreKrsoX6IrQ43m3V1Hgd9IjNz4OY_y5mCieROhOA-v5SiAvPBXUTy6WAL-01OWe0fBTKIOugGCJywg970Rjsax_v4p7p-_iEbq0tb_bz_vbg5376HISJFcSStfQ6mx67B6gC-bbbFhNHwbRx-jDWYvML4ejj24 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GAWMerge+expands+GWAS+sample+size+and+diversity+by+combining+array-based+genotyping+and+whole-genome+sequencing&rft.jtitle=Communications+biology&rft.au=Mathur%2C+Ravi&rft.au=Fang%2C+Fang&rft.au=Gaddis%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Hancock%2C+Dana+B.&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group+UK&rft.eissn=2399-3642&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs42003-022-03738-6&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s42003_022_03738_6 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2399-3642&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2399-3642&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2399-3642&client=summon |