Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction

Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment,...

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Published in:Cell death & disease Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 176 - 16
Main Authors: Calabresi, Paolo, Mechelli, Alessandro, Natale, Giuseppina, Volpicelli-Daley, Laura, Di Lazzaro, Giulia, Ghiglieri, Veronica
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2023
Springer Nature B.V
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:2041-4889, 2041-4889
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Abstract Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.
AbstractList Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.
Abstract Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.
Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.
ArticleNumber 176
Author Calabresi, Paolo
Mechelli, Alessandro
Volpicelli-Daley, Laura
Di Lazzaro, Giulia
Ghiglieri, Veronica
Natale, Giuseppina
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Paolo
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0326-5509
  surname: Calabresi
  fullname: Calabresi, Paolo
  email: paolo.calabresi@policlinicogemelli.it
  organization: Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alessandro
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2493-6295
  surname: Mechelli
  fullname: Mechelli, Alessandro
  organization: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Istituto di Neurologia, Università “Magna Graecia”
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Giuseppina
  surname: Natale
  fullname: Natale, Giuseppina
  organization: Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Laura
  surname: Volpicelli-Daley
  fullname: Volpicelli-Daley, Laura
  organization: Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Giulia
  surname: Di Lazzaro
  fullname: Di Lazzaro, Giulia
  organization: Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Veronica
  surname: Ghiglieri
  fullname: Ghiglieri, Veronica
  organization: Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Telematica San Raffaele
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36859484$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still...
Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still...
Abstract Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it...
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StartPage 176
SubjectTerms 631/378/2591/2592
692/699/375/1718
alpha-Synuclein
Antibodies
Atrophy
Autonomic nervous system
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Calcium homeostasis
Cell Biology
Cell Culture
Dementia disorders
Homeostasis
Humans
Immunology
Inflammation
Lewy Bodies
Life Sciences
Mitochondria
Movement disorders
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Parkinson Disease
Parkinson's disease
REM sleep
Review
Review Article
Sleep disorders
Synuclein
Synucleinopathies
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Title Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction
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