Lytic archaeal viruses infect abundant primary producers in Earth’s crust

The continental subsurface houses a major portion of life’s abundance and diversity, yet little is known about viruses infecting microbes that reside there. Here, we use a combination of metagenomics and virus-targeted direct-geneFISH (virusFISH) to show that highly abundant carbon-fixing organisms...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature communications Jg. 12; H. 1; S. 4642 - 12
Hauptverfasser:	Rahlff, Janina, Turzynski, Victoria, Esser, Sarah P., Monsees, Indra, Bornemann, Till L. V., Figueroa-Gonzalez, Perla Abigail, Schulz, Frederik, Woyke, Tanja, Klingl, Andreas, Moraru, Cristina, Probst, Alexander J.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 30.07.2021 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Schlagworte:	14/32 45/23 631/158/855 631/326/46 631/326/596 Archaea Archaea - classification Archaea - genetics Archaea - virology Archaeal Viruses - genetics Archaeal Viruses - metabolism Archaeal Viruses - physiology BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Biofilms Biofilms - growth & development Carbon cycle CRISPR Earth crust Ecosystem Electron microscopy Fixing Fluorescence Fluorescence in situ hybridization Fluorescence microscopy Genome, Viral - genetics Genomics - methods Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics Humanities and Social Sciences Lysis Lysogeny Lysogeny - genetics Metagenome - genetics Metagenomics Metagenomics - methods Microbial ecology Microbiology Microscopy Microscopy, Fluorescence Mikrobiologi multidisciplinary Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Species Specificity Virology Virus Activation - genetics Viruses
ISSN:	2041-1723, 2041-1723
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Zusammenfassung:	The continental subsurface houses a major portion of life’s abundance and diversity, yet little is known about viruses infecting microbes that reside there. Here, we use a combination of metagenomics and virus-targeted direct-geneFISH (virusFISH) to show that highly abundant carbon-fixing organisms of the uncultivated genus Candidatus Altiarchaeum are frequent targets of previously unrecognized viruses in the deep subsurface. Analysis of CRISPR spacer matches display resistances of Ca . Altiarchaea against eight predicted viral clades, which show genomic relatedness across continents but little similarity to previously identified viruses. Based on metagenomic information, we tag and image a putatively viral genome rich in protospacers using fluorescence microscopy. VirusFISH reveals a lytic lifestyle of the respective virus and challenges previous predictions that lysogeny prevails as the dominant viral lifestyle in the subsurface. CRISPR development over time and imaging of 18 samples from one subsurface ecosystem suggest a sophisticated interplay of viral diversification and adapting CRISPR-mediated resistances of Ca . Altiarchaeum. We conclude that infections of primary producers with lytic viruses followed by cell lysis potentially jump-start heterotrophic carbon cycling in these subsurface ecosystems. Little is known about viral-host interactions in the continental subsurface. Here, the authors use a combination of metagenomics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy to show infections of abundant C-fixing subsurface archaea by lytic viruses.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 AC02-05CH11231 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
ISSN:	2041-1723 2041-1723
DOI:	10.1038/s41467-021-24803-4