What is a blink? Classifying and characterizing blinks in eye openness signals

Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only...

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Vydané v:Behavior research methods Ročník 56; číslo 4; s. 3280 - 3299
Hlavní autori: Nyström, Marcus, Andersson, Richard, Niehorster, Diederick C., Hessels, Roy S., Hooge, Ignace T. C.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: New York Springer US 01.06.2024
Predmet:
Adult
Algorithms
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Bioinformatics (Computational Biology)
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Bioinformatik (Beräkningsbiologi)
Bioinformatik och beräkningsbiologi
Biologi
Biological Sciences
Blinking - physiology
Cognitive Psychology
Computer and Information Sciences
Computer graphics and computer vision
Data- och informationsvetenskap (Datateknik)
Datorgrafik och datorseende
Eye Movements - physiology
Eye-Tracking Technology
Eyelids - physiology
Female
Humans
Male
Natural Sciences
Naturvetenskap
Original Manuscript
Psychology
Pupil - physiology
Blink
Eye tracking
ISSN:1554-3528, 1554-351X, 1554-3528
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Popis
Shrnutí:Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink ( F 1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker’s tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap ( F 1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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content type line 23
ISSN:1554-3528
1554-351X
1554-3528
DOI:10.3758/s13428-023-02333-9