What is a blink? Classifying and characterizing blinks in eye openness signals

Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Behavior research methods Jg. 56; H. 4; S. 3280 - 3299
Hauptverfasser:	Nyström, Marcus, Andersson, Richard, Niehorster, Diederick C., Hessels, Roy S., Hooge, Ignace T. C.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York Springer US 01.06.2024
Schlagworte:	Adult Algorithms Behavioral Science and Psychology Bioinformatics (Computational Biology) Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Bioinformatik (Beräkningsbiologi) Bioinformatik och beräkningsbiologi Biologi Biological Sciences Blinking - physiology Cognitive Psychology Computer and Information Sciences Computer graphics and computer vision Data- och informationsvetenskap (Datateknik) Datorgrafik och datorseende Eye Movements - physiology Eye-Tracking Technology Eyelids - physiology Female Humans Male Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Original Manuscript Psychology Pupil - physiology Blink Eye tracking
ISSN:	1554-3528, 1554-351X, 1554-3528
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink ( F 1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker’s tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap ( F 1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail.
AbstractList	Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink (F1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker's tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap (F1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail. Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink ( F 1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker’s tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap ( F 1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail. Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink (F1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker's tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap (F1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail.Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink (F1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker's tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap (F1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail. Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid position. We ask whether blinks detected from an eye openness signal that estimates the distance between the eyelids (EO blinks) are comparable to blinks detected with a traditional algorithm using the pupil-size signal (PS blinks) and how robust blink detection is when data quality is low. In terms of rate, there was an almost-perfect overlap between EO and PS blink (F1 score: 0.98) when the head was in the center of the eye tracker's tracking range where data quality was high and a high overlap (F1 score 0.94) when the head was at the edge of the tracking range where data quality was worse. When there was a difference in blink rate between EO and PS blinks, it was mainly due to data loss in the pupil-size signal. Blink durations were about 60 ms longer in EO blinks compared to PS blinks. Moreover, the dynamics of EO blinks was similar to results from previous literature. We conclude that the eye openness signal together with our proposed blink detection algorithm provides an advantageous method to detect and describe blinks in greater detail.
Author	Andersson, Richard Niehorster, Diederick C. Hooge, Ignace T. C. Hessels, Roy S. Nyström, Marcus
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Marcus orcidid: 0000-0002-2089-9012 surname: Nyström fullname: Nyström, Marcus email: marcus.nystrom@humlab.lu.se organization: Lund University Humanities Lab – sequence: 2 givenname: Richard surname: Andersson fullname: Andersson, Richard organization: Tobii AB – sequence: 3 givenname: Diederick C. surname: Niehorster fullname: Niehorster, Diederick C. organization: Lund University Humanities Lab and Department of Psychology – sequence: 4 givenname: Roy S. surname: Hessels fullname: Hessels, Roy S. organization: Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University – sequence: 5 givenname: Ignace T. C. surname: Hooge fullname: Hooge, Ignace T. C. organization: Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38424292$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNp9Uktv1DAQtlARfcAf4IB85BLwM3FOFVpBQargAuI4cuzJrkvWWeykaPn19T6oWg49WGONv4c1852TkzhGJOQ1Z-9ko837zKUSpmJC7o6UVfuMnHGtVSW1MCcP7qfkPOcbxqQRXL0gp9IooUQrzsjXnys70ZCppd0Q4q9LuhhszqHfhrikNnrqVjZZN2EKf3etPSrTEClukY4bjBFzpjksox3yS_K8LwVfHesF-fHp4_fF5-r629WXxYfrytVMTZXoa8103TXY9czVvkNrhXOq4d54zmqu0RvHOWtNrbittdTeqK6VnvWy7aW8IPagm__gZu5gk8Lapi2MNsBmTJMdIGFGm9wKhhkyQkENwdkpjDGDssop2XvQXragDGvBds6B133pMyFQquJxefAo1DV6h3FKRfeR1aOXGFawHG-Bcy4lb5ui8PaokMbfM-YJ1iE7HAYbcZwziLYssJHMiAJ989Ds3uXfpgpAHAAujTkn7O8hnMEuDnCIA5QowD4O0BaS-Y_kwrSfQflwGJ6myuOEi09cYoKbcU67HT_FugPonMvP
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1080_24725838_2025_2551536 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_024_02587_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41597_025_05642_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtos_2024_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_95182_9 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_024_02529_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biosx_2025_100677 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41597_025_04535_6 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_024_02590_2 crossref_primary_10_25122_jml_2024_0270 crossref_primary_10_25122_jml_2024_0271 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_025_02714_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2025_2524495 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_024_02540_y
Cites_doi	10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00108-6 10.1007/s00415-006-0168-1 10.3758/s13428-020-01512-2 10.1016/0042-6989(86)90133-1 10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1220 10.3758/s13428-016-0822-1 10.1016/j.trf.2010.12.001 10.3758/s13428-010-0055-7 10.1126/science.7355270 10.1111/infa.12055 10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.073 10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.55 10.1109/TBME.1984.325352 10.3758/s13428-012-0247-4 10.1371/journal.pone.0066018 10.1167/14.4.1 10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000426 10.1002/dev.10162 10.1097/01.icl.0000224551.58399.9a 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.001 10.1101/2022.02.22.481518 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.04.020 10.1109/FG.2018.00019 10.1371/journal.pone.0272349 10.1523/ENEURO.0357-21.2021 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02312.x 10.1111/infa.12093 10.1098/rsos.180502 10.3758/s13428-019-01226-0 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00084-1 10.1037/h0037368 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2408-05.2005 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020 10.3758/s13428-017-0863-0 10.1167/iovs.12-11452 10.1111/psyp.13729 10.1152/jn.01075.2002 10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.012 10.1007/s00421-003-0807-5 10.3758/BRM.42.1.188 10.3758/s13428-018-1075-y 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.037 10.1109/ICCVW.2019.00147 10.3758/s13428-023-02187-1 10.3758/s13428-017-0955-x 10.3109/02713683.2010.544442 10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70007-6 10.3758/s13428-014-0507-6 10.1145/2968219.2968341 10.1167/15.15.11 10.1038/s42003-022-03979-5 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.05.005 10.1016/0002-9394(77)90916-3 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106058 10.3758/s13428-017-1008-1 10.1109/ACII52823.2021.9597424 10.3758/s13428-021-01780-6 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1989.tb04103.x 10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000433 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1982.tb03034.x 10.1080/17470215108416776 10.1177/154193128402801101 10.1097/01.opx.0000181234.63194.a7 10.1152/jn.00557.2002
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s) 2024 2024. The Author(s).
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s) 2024 – notice: 2024. The Author(s).
CorporateAuthor	Departments of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences Institutionen för psykologi Faculty of Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten Lunds universitets profilområden Lunds universitet Profile areas and other strong research environments LU profilområde: Naturlig och artificiell kognition Lund University LU Profile Area: Natural and Artificial Cognition Department of Psychology Units Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna Lund University Profile areas Fakultetsgemensamma verksamheter Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO) Samhällsvetenskapliga institutioner och centrumbildningar Strategic research areas (SRA) Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration Lund University Humanities Lab Humanistlaboratoriet Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer
CorporateAuthor_xml	– name: Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO) – name: Institutionen för psykologi – name: Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology – name: Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna – name: Department of Psychology – name: LU Profile Area: Natural and Artificial Cognition – name: Lund University Humanities Lab – name: Samhällsvetenskapliga institutioner och centrumbildningar – name: Fakultetsgemensamma verksamheter – name: Strategic research areas (SRA) – name: Lunds universitet – name: Lunds universitets profilområden – name: Lund University Profile areas – name: Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer – name: Lund University – name: LU profilområde: Naturlig och artificiell kognition – name: Units – name: Profile areas and other strong research environments – name: eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration – name: Humanistlaboratoriet – name: Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten – name: Faculty of Social Sciences – name: Departments of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences
DBID	C6C AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM ADTPV AGCHP AOWAS D8T D95 ZZAVC
DOI	10.3758/s13428-023-02333-9
DatabaseName	Springer Nature OA Free Journals CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) SwePub SWEPUB Lunds universitet full text SwePub Articles SWEPUB Freely available online SWEPUB Lunds universitet SwePub Articles full text
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Psychology
EISSN	1554-3528
EndPage	3299
ExternalDocumentID	oai_portal_research_lu_se_publications_4a4c43fd_5d39_4809_abcc_d5fc43022e34 PMC11133197 38424292 10_3758_s13428_023_02333_9
Genre	Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: Lund University
GroupedDBID	--- -55 -5G -BR -DZ -EM -ET -~C -~X 0-V 06D 0R~ 0VY 199 1N0 203 23N 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2VQ 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 40E 53G 5GY 7X7 875 88E 8AO 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8TC 8UJ 95. 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AAKPC AANZL AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH AAZMS ABAKF ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHLI ABIVO ABJNI ABJOX ABJUD ABKCH ABMQK ABNWP ABPLI ABPPZ ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABUWG ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHQT ACHSB ACHXU ACIWK ACKIV ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACNCT ACOKC ACPIV ACPRK ACZOJ ADBBV ADHHG ADHIR ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETCA AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFFNX AFKRA AFQWF AFRAH AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHMBA AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARALO ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYQZM AZFZN AZQEC B-. BAWUL BENPR BGNMA BPHCQ BVXVI C1A C6C CAG CCPQU COF CSCUP DDRTE DIK DNIVK DPUIP DWQXO E3Z EBD EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD EMOBN ESBYG F5P FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FYUFA GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ3 GQ6 GQ7 GUQSH H13 HF~ HMCUK HMJXF HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IAO IHR IKXTQ INH IPY IRVIT ITC ITM IWAJR J-C JBSCW JZLTJ KOV LLZTM M1P M2M M2O M2R M4Y MVM N2Q N9A NB0 NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9G O9J OHT OK1 P2P P9L PADUT PF- PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PSYQQ PT4 R9I RIG ROL RPV RSV S16 S1Z S27 S3B SBS SBU SCLPG SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW SSXJD STPWE SV3 SZN T13 TN5 TR2 TSG TUC TUS U2A U9L UG4 UKHRP UOJIU UPT UTJUX UZXMN VFIZW VXZ W48 WH7 WK8 XJT XOL XSW Z7R Z7S Z7W Z81 Z83 Z88 Z8N Z92 ZMTXR ZOVNA ZUP AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PRQQA ADHKG AGQPQ CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM ADTPV AGCHP AOWAS D8T D95 ZZAVC
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c604t-2f65056b7ebf0c6dbeaa2cc471d8d10615ed8c11098641a6535d84b93d0f39f33
IEDL.DBID	RSV
ISICitedReferencesCount	13
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001171058800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1554-3528 1554-351X
IngestDate	Sun Nov 23 03:10:39 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:05:39 EST 2025 Thu Sep 04 18:44:32 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:04:35 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:18:14 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 19:56:21 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:42:36 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	4
Keywords	Blink Eye tracking
Language	English
License	2024. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c604t-2f65056b7ebf0c6dbeaa2cc471d8d10615ed8c11098641a6535d84b93d0f39f33
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0002-2089-9012
OpenAccessLink	https://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-023-02333-9
PMID	38424292
PQID	2934273082
PQPubID	23479
PageCount	20
ParticipantIDs	swepub_primary_oai_portal_research_lu_se_publications_4a4c43fd_5d39_4809_abcc_d5fc43022e34 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11133197 proquest_miscellaneous_2934273082 pubmed_primary_38424292 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_023_02333_9 crossref_citationtrail_10_3758_s13428_023_02333_9 springer_journals_10_3758_s13428_023_02333_9
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2024-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2024-06-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 06 year: 2024 text: 2024-06-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York – name: United States
PublicationTitle	Behavior research methods
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Behav Res
PublicationTitleAlternate	Behav Res Methods
PublicationYear	2024
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer US
References	Collins, Seeto, Campbell, Ross (CR18) 1989; 67 Hessels, Cornelissen, Kemner, Hooge (CR34) 2015; 47 Barbato, Ficca, Muscettola, Fichele, Beatrice, Rinaldi (CR8) 2000; 93 Brouwer, Van Ee, Schwarzbach (CR11) 2005; 25 Demiral, Manza, Biesecker, Wiers, Shokri-Kojori, McPherson, Dennis, Johnson, Tomasi, Wang (CR22) 2022; 5 Stevenson, Volkmann, Kelly, Riggs (CR67) 1986; 26 Volkmann, Riggs, Moore (CR73) 1980; 207 Caffier, Erdmann, Ullsperger (CR13) 2003; 89 Niehorster, Cornelissen, Holmqvist, Hooge, Hessels (CR51) 2018; 50 Jongkees, Colzato (CR41) 2016; 71 Hooge, Niehorster, Nyström, Andersson, Hessels (CR38) 2018; 50 Guitton, Simard, Codère (CR30) 1991; 32 Kret, Sjak-Shie (CR44) 2019; 51 CR70 Brych, Händel, Riechelmann, Pieczykolan, Huestegge (CR12) 2021; 58 Leigh, Zee (CR45) 1999 CR4 Bacher, Smotherman (CR6) 2004; 44 CR5 Hooge, Niehorster, Hessels, Cleveland, Nyström (CR39) 2021; 53 CR7 Thaler, Schütz, Goodale, Gegenfurtner (CR71) 2013; 76 Collins, Iskander, Saunders, Hook, Anthony, Gillon (CR19) 2006; 32 CR47 CR46 Eckstein, Guerra-Carrillo, Singley, Bunge (CR25) 2017; 25 CR43 Nyström, Holmqvist (CR54) 2010; 42 Engbert, Kliegl (CR26) 2003; 43 Hoogerbrugge, Strauch, Oláh, Dalmaijer, Nijboer, Van der Stigchel (CR40) 2022; 17 Pedrotti, Lei, Dzaack, Rötting (CR57) 2011; 43 Patel, Daya, Lake, Malhotra (CR56) 2011; 118 Hessels, Niehorster, Nyström, Andersson, Hooge (CR36) 2018; 5 Niehorster, Siu, Li (CR52) 2015; 15 McIntire, McKinley, Goodyear, McIntire (CR49) 2014; 45 Ahlström, Zemblys, Jansson, Forsberg, Karlsson, Anund (CR2) 2021; 153 Holmqvist, Nyström, Andersson, Dewhurst, Jarodzka, van de Weijer (CR37) 2011 Espinosa, Domenech, Vázquez, Pérez, Mas (CR27) 2018; 13 Benedetto, Pedrotti, Minin, Baccino, Re, Montanari (CR9) 2011; 14 CR17 CR16 Ponder, Kennedy (CR58) 1927; 18 Garcia, Barbosa, Pinto, Cruz (CR29) 2013; 54 Rambold, Sprenger, Helmchen (CR59) 2002; 88 CR55 Cruz, Garcia, Pinto, Cechetti (CR21) 2011; 9 Cardona, García, Serés, Vilaseca, Gispets (CR14) 2011; 36 CR50 Rosenfield, Jahan, Nunez, Chan (CR61) 2015; 51 Smeets, Hooge (CR63) 2003; 90 Karatekin, Marcus, White (CR42) 2007; 96 Helmchen, Schwekendiek, Pramstaller, Hedrich, Klein, Rambold (CR31) 2006; 253 Blount (CR10) 1927; 18 Abelson, Holly (CR1) 1977; 83 Nyström, Andersson, Holmqvist, van de Weijer (CR53) 2013; 45 VanderWerf, Brassinga, Reits, Aramideh, Ongerboer de Visser (CR72) 2003; 89 Carney, Hill (CR15) 1982; 60 Hessels, Andersson, Hooge, Nyström, Kemner (CR33) 2015; 20 Drew (CR23) 1951; 3 CR28 Hessels, Niehorster, Kemner, Hooge (CR35) 2017; 49 CR69 CR24 CR68 CR66 Wass, Forssman, Leppänen (CR74) 2014; 19 CR65 CR20 CR64 Sheedy, Gowrisankaran, Hayes (CR62) 2005; 82 Alnæs, Sneve, Espeseth, Endestad, van de Pavert, Laeng (CR3) 2014; 14 Hershman, Henik, Cohen (CR32) 2018; 50 CR60 Matin (CR48) 1974; 81 M Rosenfield (2333_CR61) 2015; 51 LF Bacher (2333_CR6) 2004; 44 SV Wass (2333_CR74) 2014; 19 2333_CR16 G Cardona (2333_CR14) 2011; 36 2333_CR17 GJ Brouwer (2333_CR11) 2005; 25 J Smeets (2333_CR63) 2003; 90 2333_CR7 2333_CR50 R Engbert (2333_CR26) 2003; 43 2333_CR5 2333_CR55 2333_CR4 MK Eckstein (2333_CR25) 2017; 25 RS Hessels (2333_CR36) 2018; 5 LK McIntire (2333_CR49) 2014; 45 ŞB Demiral (2333_CR22) 2022; 5 R Hershman (2333_CR32) 2018; 50 H Rambold (2333_CR59) 2002; 88 2333_CR47 AJ Hoogerbrugge (2333_CR40) 2022; 17 F VanderWerf (2333_CR72) 2003; 89 AA Cruz (2333_CR21) 2011; 9 S Stevenson (2333_CR67) 1986; 26 IT Hooge (2333_CR38) 2018; 50 M Nyström (2333_CR54) 2010; 42 M Nyström (2333_CR53) 2013; 45 C Karatekin (2333_CR42) 2007; 96 2333_CR43 M Collins (2333_CR18) 1989; 67 2333_CR46 ITC Hooge (2333_CR39) 2021; 53 RS Hessels (2333_CR35) 2017; 49 MJ Collins (2333_CR19) 2006; 32 ME Kret (2333_CR44) 2019; 51 DM Garcia (2333_CR29) 2013; 54 MB Abelson (2333_CR1) 1977; 83 E Matin (2333_CR48) 1974; 81 M Brych (2333_CR12) 2021; 58 BJ Jongkees (2333_CR41) 2016; 71 GC Drew (2333_CR23) 1951; 3 E Ponder (2333_CR58) 1927; 18 S Benedetto (2333_CR9) 2011; 14 JE Sheedy (2333_CR62) 2005; 82 RS Hessels (2333_CR33) 2015; 20 D Guitton (2333_CR30) 1991; 32 LG Carney (2333_CR15) 1982; 60 2333_CR70 V Patel (2333_CR56) 2011; 118 C Ahlström (2333_CR2) 2021; 153 M Pedrotti (2333_CR57) 2011; 43 DC Niehorster (2333_CR52) 2015; 15 G Barbato (2333_CR8) 2000; 93 2333_CR69 PP Caffier (2333_CR13) 2003; 89 2333_CR28 K Holmqvist (2333_CR37) 2011 L Thaler (2333_CR71) 2013; 76 RS Hessels (2333_CR34) 2015; 47 W Blount (2333_CR10) 1927; 18 C Helmchen (2333_CR31) 2006; 253 2333_CR20 2333_CR64 DC Niehorster (2333_CR51) 2018; 50 2333_CR65 2333_CR66 2333_CR24 2333_CR68 D Alnæs (2333_CR3) 2014; 14 J Espinosa (2333_CR27) 2018; 13 FC Volkmann (2333_CR73) 1980; 207 RJ Leigh (2333_CR45) 1999 2333_CR60
References_xml	– volume: 47 start-page: 848 year: 2015 end-page: 859 ident: CR34 article-title: Qualitative tests of remote eyetracker recovery and performance during head rotation publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – ident: CR70 – volume: 81 start-page: 899 issue: 12 year: 1974 ident: CR48 article-title: Saccadic suppression: A review and an analysis publication-title: Psychological Bulletin – ident: CR68 – volume: 43 start-page: 372 issue: 2 year: 2011 end-page: 383 ident: CR57 article-title: A data-driven algorithm for offline pupil signal preprocessing and eyeblink detection in low-speed eye-tracking protocols publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – ident: CR4 – ident: CR16 – volume: 26 start-page: 1815 issue: 11 year: 1986 end-page: 1824 ident: CR67 article-title: Dependence of visual suppression on the amplitudes of saccades and blinks publication-title: Vision Research – volume: 19 start-page: 427 issue: 5 year: 2014 end-page: 460 ident: CR74 article-title: Robustness and precision: How data quality may influence key dependent variables in infant eye-tracker analyses publication-title: Infancy – volume: 53 start-page: 1986 year: 2021 end-page: 2006 ident: CR39 article-title: The pupil-size artefact (psa) across time, viewing direction and different eyetrackers publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – volume: 71 start-page: 58 year: 2016 end-page: 82 ident: CR41 article-title: Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function-a review publication-title: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – volume: 5 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 10 ident: CR22 article-title: Striatal d1 and d2 receptor availability are selectively associated with eye-blink rates after methylphenidate treatment publication-title: Communications Biology – volume: 50 start-page: 213 year: 2018 end-page: 227 ident: CR51 article-title: What to expect from your remote eye-tracker when participants are unrestrained publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – volume: 51 start-page: 1336 year: 2019 end-page: 1342 ident: CR44 article-title: Preprocessing pupil size data: Guidelines and code publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – volume: 25 start-page: 69 year: 2017 end-page: 91 ident: CR25 article-title: Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development? publication-title: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience – volume: 51 start-page: 403 year: 2015 end-page: 406 ident: CR61 article-title: Cognitive demand, digital screens and blink rate publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior – volume: 54 start-page: 1434 issue: 2 year: 2013 end-page: 1442 ident: CR29 article-title: Estimation of spontaneous blinking main sequence in normal subjects and patients with graves’ upper eyelid retraction publication-title: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science – volume: 89 start-page: 2784 issue: 5 year: 2003 end-page: 2796 ident: CR72 article-title: Eyelid movements: Behavioral studies of blinking in humans under different stimulus conditions publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology – volume: 96 start-page: 107 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 130 ident: CR42 article-title: Oculomotor and manual indexes of incidental and intentional spatial sequence learning during middle childhood and adolescence publication-title: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology – volume: 18 start-page: 111 issue: 2 year: 1927 end-page: 125 ident: CR10 article-title: Studies of the movements of the eyelids of animals: Blinking publication-title: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology: Translation and Integration – ident: CR46 – volume: 67 start-page: 525 issue: 5 year: 1989 end-page: 531 ident: CR18 article-title: Blinking and corneal sensitivity publication-title: Acta Ophthalmologica – volume: 49 start-page: 1802 issue: 5 year: 2017 end-page: 1823 ident: CR35 article-title: Noise-robust fixation detection in eye movement data: Identification by two-means clustering (i2mc) publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – volume: 5 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: CR36 article-title: Is the eye-movement field confused about fixations and saccades? a survey among 124 researchers publication-title: Royal Society Open Science – volume: 88 start-page: 1220 issue: 3 year: 2002 end-page: 1233 ident: CR59 article-title: Effects of voluntary blinks on saccades, vergence eye movements, and saccade-vergence interactions in humans publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology – volume: 20 start-page: 601 issue: 6 year: 2015 end-page: 633 ident: CR33 article-title: Consequences of eye color, positioning, and head movement for eye-tracking data quality in infant research publication-title: Infancy – volume: 50 start-page: 1864 year: 2018 end-page: 1881 ident: CR38 article-title: Is human classification by experienced untrained observers a gold standard in fixation detection? publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – ident: CR50 – volume: 44 start-page: 95 issue: 2 year: 2004 end-page: 102 ident: CR6 article-title: Spontaneous eye blinking in human infants: A review publication-title: Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology – volume: 13 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: CR27 article-title: Blinking characterization from high speed video records publication-title: Application to biometric authentication. PloS one – ident: CR60 – volume: 45 start-page: 354 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 362 ident: CR49 article-title: Detection of vigilance performance using eye blinks publication-title: Applied Ergonomics – volume: 42 start-page: 188 issue: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 204 ident: CR54 article-title: An adaptive algorithm for fixation, saccade, and glissade detection in eye-tracking data publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – ident: CR5 – volume: 3 start-page: 73 issue: 2 year: 1951 end-page: 88 ident: CR23 article-title: Variations in reflex blink-rate during visual-motor tasks publication-title: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology – volume: 90 start-page: 12 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: CR63 article-title: Nature of variability in saccades publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology – volume: 60 start-page: 427 issue: 3 year: 1982 end-page: 433 ident: CR15 article-title: The nature of normal blinking patterns publication-title: Acta Ophthalmologica – ident: CR64 – volume: 153 year: 2021 ident: CR2 article-title: Effects of partially automated driving on the development of driver sleepiness publication-title: Accident Analysis & Prevention – volume: 253 start-page: 1071 issue: 8 year: 2006 end-page: 1075 ident: CR31 article-title: Blink amplitude but not saccadic hypometria indicates carriers of parkin mutations publication-title: Journal of Neurology – volume: 82 start-page: 905 issue: 10 year: 2005 end-page: 911 ident: CR62 article-title: Blink rate decreases with eyelid squint publication-title: Optometry and Vision Science – volume: 32 start-page: 287 issue: 6 year: 2006 end-page: 293 ident: CR19 article-title: Blinking patterns and corneal staining publication-title: Eye & Contact Lens – ident: CR43 – ident: CR66 – ident: CR47 – volume: 15 start-page: 11 issue: 15 year: 2015 end-page: 11 ident: CR52 article-title: Manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit eye movements publication-title: Journal of Vision – year: 2011 ident: CR37 publication-title: Eye tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures – volume: 14 start-page: 1 issue: 4 year: 2014 end-page: 1 ident: CR3 article-title: Pupil size signals mental effort deployed during multiple object tracking and predicts brain activity in the dorsal attention network and the locus coeruleus publication-title: Journal of Vision – volume: 76 start-page: 31 year: 2013 end-page: 42 ident: CR71 article-title: What is the best fixation target? the effect of target shape on stability of fixational eye movements publication-title: Vision Research – volume: 89 start-page: 319 issue: 3 year: 2003 end-page: 325 ident: CR13 article-title: Experimental evaluation of eye-blink parameters as a drowsiness measure publication-title: European Journal of Applied Physiology – volume: 50 start-page: 107 issue: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 114 ident: CR32 article-title: A novel blink detection method based on pupillometry noise publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – volume: 18 start-page: 89 issue: 2 year: 1927 end-page: 110 ident: CR58 article-title: On the act of blinking publication-title: Quarterly journal of experimental physiology: Translation and integration – volume: 207 start-page: 900 issue: 4433 year: 1980 end-page: 902 ident: CR73 article-title: Eyeblinks and visual suppression publication-title: Science – volume: 118 start-page: 197 issue: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 202 ident: CR56 article-title: Blink lagophthalmos and dry eye keratopathy in patients with non-facial palsy: Clinical features and management with upper eyelid loading publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 83 start-page: 866 issue: 6 year: 1977 end-page: 869 ident: CR1 article-title: A tentative mechanism for inferior punctate keratopathy publication-title: American Journal of Ophthalmology – ident: CR69 – volume: 25 start-page: 10403 issue: 45 year: 2005 end-page: 10413 ident: CR11 article-title: Activation in visual cortex correlates with the awareness of stereoscopic depth publication-title: Journal of Neuroscience – ident: CR65 – volume: 45 start-page: 272 issue: 1 year: 2013 end-page: 288 ident: CR53 article-title: The influence of calibration method and eye physiology on eyetracking data quality publication-title: Behavior Research Methods – ident: CR17 – volume: 9 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 41 ident: CR21 article-title: Spontaneous eyeblink activity publication-title: The Ocular Surface – volume: 36 start-page: 190 issue: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 197 ident: CR14 article-title: Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film integrity during dynamic visual display terminal tasks publication-title: Current Eye Research – volume: 93 start-page: 145 issue: 2 year: 2000 end-page: 151 ident: CR8 article-title: Diurnal variation in spontaneous eye-blink rate publication-title: Psychiatry Research – ident: CR55 – volume: 32 start-page: 3298 issue: 13 year: 1991 end-page: 3305 ident: CR30 article-title: Upper eyelid movements measured with a search coil during blinks and vertical saccades publication-title: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science – ident: CR7 – ident: CR28 – volume: 43 start-page: 1035 issue: 9 year: 2003 end-page: 1045 ident: CR26 article-title: Microsaccades uncover the orientation of covert attention publication-title: Vision Research – volume: 17 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: CR40 article-title: Seeing the forrest through the trees: Oculomotor metrics are linked to heart rate publication-title: PloS one – ident: CR24 – year: 1999 ident: CR45 publication-title: The neurology of eye movements – volume: 14 start-page: 199 issue: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 208 ident: CR9 article-title: Driver workload and eye blink duration publication-title: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour – volume: 58 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: CR12 article-title: Effects of vocal demands on pupil dilation publication-title: Psychophysiology – ident: CR20 – volume: 93 start-page: 145 issue: 2 year: 2000 ident: 2333_CR8 publication-title: Psychiatry Research doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00108-6 – volume: 253 start-page: 1071 issue: 8 year: 2006 ident: 2333_CR31 publication-title: Journal of Neurology doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0168-1 – volume: 53 start-page: 1986 year: 2021 ident: 2333_CR39 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-020-01512-2 – volume: 26 start-page: 1815 issue: 11 year: 1986 ident: 2333_CR67 publication-title: Vision Research doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(86)90133-1 – volume: 32 start-page: 3298 issue: 13 year: 1991 ident: 2333_CR30 publication-title: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science – volume: 88 start-page: 1220 issue: 3 year: 2002 ident: 2333_CR59 publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology doi: 10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1220 – volume: 49 start-page: 1802 issue: 5 year: 2017 ident: 2333_CR35 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0822-1 – volume: 14 start-page: 199 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR9 publication-title: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2010.12.001 – volume: 43 start-page: 372 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR57 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-010-0055-7 – volume: 207 start-page: 900 issue: 4433 year: 1980 ident: 2333_CR73 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.7355270 – volume: 19 start-page: 427 issue: 5 year: 2014 ident: 2333_CR74 publication-title: Infancy doi: 10.1111/infa.12055 – volume: 51 start-page: 403 year: 2015 ident: 2333_CR61 publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.073 – ident: 2333_CR70 doi: 10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.55 – ident: 2333_CR60 doi: 10.1109/TBME.1984.325352 – volume: 45 start-page: 272 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: 2333_CR53 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0247-4 – ident: 2333_CR69 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066018 – volume: 14 start-page: 1 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 2333_CR3 publication-title: Journal of Vision doi: 10.1167/14.4.1 – ident: 2333_CR47 – volume: 18 start-page: 111 issue: 2 year: 1927 ident: 2333_CR10 publication-title: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology: Translation and Integration doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000426 – volume: 44 start-page: 95 issue: 2 year: 2004 ident: 2333_CR6 publication-title: Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology doi: 10.1002/dev.10162 – ident: 2333_CR28 – volume: 32 start-page: 287 issue: 6 year: 2006 ident: 2333_CR19 publication-title: Eye & Contact Lens doi: 10.1097/01.icl.0000224551.58399.9a – volume: 25 start-page: 69 year: 2017 ident: 2333_CR25 publication-title: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.001 – ident: 2333_CR17 doi: 10.1101/2022.02.22.481518 – volume: 45 start-page: 354 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: 2333_CR49 publication-title: Applied Ergonomics doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.04.020 – ident: 2333_CR7 doi: 10.1109/FG.2018.00019 – volume: 17 issue: 8 year: 2022 ident: 2333_CR40 publication-title: PloS one doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272349 – ident: 2333_CR43 doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0357-21.2021 – ident: 2333_CR66 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02312.x – volume: 20 start-page: 601 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: 2333_CR33 publication-title: Infancy doi: 10.1111/infa.12093 – volume: 5 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 2333_CR36 publication-title: Royal Society Open Science doi: 10.1098/rsos.180502 – ident: 2333_CR50 doi: 10.3758/s13428-019-01226-0 – volume: 43 start-page: 1035 issue: 9 year: 2003 ident: 2333_CR26 publication-title: Vision Research doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00084-1 – volume: 81 start-page: 899 issue: 12 year: 1974 ident: 2333_CR48 publication-title: Psychological Bulletin doi: 10.1037/h0037368 – volume: 25 start-page: 10403 issue: 45 year: 2005 ident: 2333_CR11 publication-title: Journal of Neuroscience doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2408-05.2005 – volume: 71 start-page: 58 year: 2016 ident: 2333_CR41 publication-title: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020 – volume: 50 start-page: 213 year: 2018 ident: 2333_CR51 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0863-0 – volume: 54 start-page: 1434 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: 2333_CR29 publication-title: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-11452 – volume: 58 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 2333_CR12 publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/psyp.13729 – volume: 90 start-page: 12 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: 2333_CR63 publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology doi: 10.1152/jn.01075.2002 – volume: 76 start-page: 31 year: 2013 ident: 2333_CR71 publication-title: Vision Research doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.012 – volume: 89 start-page: 319 issue: 3 year: 2003 ident: 2333_CR13 publication-title: European Journal of Applied Physiology doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0807-5 – volume: 42 start-page: 188 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 2333_CR54 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.1.188 – volume: 51 start-page: 1336 year: 2019 ident: 2333_CR44 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-018-1075-y – ident: 2333_CR64 – volume: 118 start-page: 197 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR56 publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.037 – ident: 2333_CR16 – ident: 2333_CR20 doi: 10.1109/ICCVW.2019.00147 – ident: 2333_CR24 doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02187-1 – volume: 50 start-page: 1864 year: 2018 ident: 2333_CR38 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0955-x – ident: 2333_CR68 – volume: 36 start-page: 190 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR14 publication-title: Current Eye Research doi: 10.3109/02713683.2010.544442 – volume: 9 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR21 publication-title: The Ocular Surface doi: 10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70007-6 – volume: 47 start-page: 848 year: 2015 ident: 2333_CR34 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-014-0507-6 – ident: 2333_CR5 doi: 10.1145/2968219.2968341 – volume: 15 start-page: 11 issue: 15 year: 2015 ident: 2333_CR52 publication-title: Journal of Vision doi: 10.1167/15.15.11 – volume: 13 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 2333_CR27 publication-title: Application to biometric authentication. PloS one – volume: 5 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 2333_CR22 publication-title: Communications Biology doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03979-5 – volume: 96 start-page: 107 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 2333_CR42 publication-title: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.05.005 – volume: 83 start-page: 866 issue: 6 year: 1977 ident: 2333_CR1 publication-title: American Journal of Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(77)90916-3 – volume: 153 year: 2021 ident: 2333_CR2 publication-title: Accident Analysis & Prevention doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106058 – volume: 50 start-page: 107 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 2333_CR32 publication-title: Behavior Research Methods doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-1008-1 – ident: 2333_CR4 doi: 10.1109/ACII52823.2021.9597424 – volume-title: Eye tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures year: 2011 ident: 2333_CR37 – ident: 2333_CR55 doi: 10.3758/s13428-021-01780-6 – volume: 67 start-page: 525 issue: 5 year: 1989 ident: 2333_CR18 publication-title: Acta Ophthalmologica doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1989.tb04103.x – ident: 2333_CR46 – volume: 18 start-page: 89 issue: 2 year: 1927 ident: 2333_CR58 publication-title: Quarterly journal of experimental physiology: Translation and integration doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000433 – volume-title: The neurology of eye movements year: 1999 ident: 2333_CR45 – volume: 60 start-page: 427 issue: 3 year: 1982 ident: 2333_CR15 publication-title: Acta Ophthalmologica doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1982.tb03034.x – volume: 3 start-page: 73 issue: 2 year: 1951 ident: 2333_CR23 publication-title: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology doi: 10.1080/17470215108416776 – ident: 2333_CR65 doi: 10.1177/154193128402801101 – volume: 82 start-page: 905 issue: 10 year: 2005 ident: 2333_CR62 publication-title: Optometry and Vision Science doi: 10.1097/01.opx.0000181234.63194.a7 – volume: 89 start-page: 2784 issue: 5 year: 2003 ident: 2333_CR72 publication-title: Journal of Neurophysiology doi: 10.1152/jn.00557.2002
SSID	ssj0038214
Score	2.5032759
Snippet	Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye...
SourceID	swepub pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref springer
SourceType	Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	3280
SubjectTerms	Adult Algorithms Behavioral Science and Psychology Bioinformatics (Computational Biology) Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Bioinformatik (Beräkningsbiologi) Bioinformatik och beräkningsbiologi Biologi Biological Sciences Blinking - physiology Cognitive Psychology Computer and Information Sciences Computer graphics and computer vision Data- och informationsvetenskap (Datateknik) Datorgrafik och datorseende Eye Movements - physiology Eye-Tracking Technology Eyelids - physiology Female Humans Male Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Original Manuscript Psychology Pupil - physiology
Title	What is a blink? Classifying and characterizing blinks in eye openness signals
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-023-02333-9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38424292 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2934273082 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11133197
Volume	56
WOSCitedRecordID	wos001171058800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Psychology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: M2M dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Social Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 20241207 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: M2R dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/socscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1554-3528 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0038214 issn: 1554-3528 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20050201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB7RlkMvvB9boDISN4hIYiexTwhQKw50qQpUKy6W44caqUqrZhep_fXMOA-xVFSCQyzFa3utsT3zTWx_A_CKl0aJPHOJURwdFClUUltrkxAkt6HmlsfQCcefq_lcLhbqcLgU1o2n3cctyaipya9EUPu2y7CaTNDG0MN5ojZgC82dpOV49PV41L9c5pnor8f8pd66CbqGK68fj5z2SP_gE402aP_u__X-HtwZMCd730-S-3DLtw9ge1J9lw9hTgzerOmYYTW1_o7FYJlNvATFTOuYnYidrygrlupY0zJ_6RmF4CKVyeg0CM7nR_B9f-_bx0_JEGkhsWUqlkkeSkJCdeXrkNrS1d6Y3Fo0XE46choL76QlclJZisyUBS-cFLXiLg1cBc4fw2Z71vqnwAQ2In2ZyYCOmMsRYThZ1SltwqAn6dIZZKPwtR1oyCkaxqlGd4REpXtRaRSTjqLSagavpzrnPQnHjaVfjmOqca3QBohp_dmq0whtBMI17NMMnvRjPLXHpcgpdNcM5NroTwWIh3v9l7Y5iXzcaC44arJqBm_GsdeDJuhu7OePfjKt_0X0uvRA9XSiT1e68_r8t2-4WhhhBQ9OF44rLWSqtMEFpl0RMB9Bmedi59_68gy2c0Rr_Rm457C5vFj5F3Db_lw23cUubFSLKqZyF7Y-7M0Pj_DtID-I6ZeYUg6uwl8J_yjv
linkProvider	Springer Nature
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB5BQaIX3o9AASNxg4gkdrL2CVVVqyKWFYJSVVxGjh9qpCqtml2k8usZOw-xVFSCQy6O7Vhje-abePwNwGteaSWK3KZacXJQpFBpbYxJvZfc-JobHlMnHM5ni4U8OlKfh0th3RjtPh5JRk0d_EoCte-6nJrJlGxMeDhP1XW4QZ8pQyDfl6-Ho_7lsshFfz3mL-3WTdAlXHk5PHI6I_2DTzTaoL07_zf6u3B7wJxsu18k9-Caa-_D5qT6Lh7AIjB4s6ZjmtWh9_csJsts4iUoplvLzETs_DMUxVoda1rmLhwLKbiCymQhGoTW80P4trd7sLOfDpkWUlNlYpkWvgpIqJ652memsrXTujCGDJeVNjiNpbPSBHJSWYlcVyUvrRS14jbzXHnOH8FGe9q6J8AEdSJdlUtPjpgtCGFYOauzcAhDnqTNEshH4aMZaMhDNowTJHckiAp7USGJCaOoUCXwZmpz1pNwXFn71TinSHslHIDo1p2uOiRoIwiu0ZgSeNzP8dQfl6IIqbsSkGuzP1UIPNzrb9rmOPJxk7ngpMlmCbwd5x4HTdBdOc7v_WJa_0T0unCgejrGkxV2Ds9--4eLQgsjuLdYWq5QyEyhpg2GtvRUTqDMcfH038byEm7tH3ya4_zD4uMz2CwIufXxcFuwsTxfuedw0_xYNt35i7jXfgEYiCWc
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagINRLeUN4GokbRE0yTtY-IQSsQFSrSkBVcbEcP9RIVbpqdpHKr--M81CXikqIQy6OX7HHM9_E9jeMvYbKKFHkLjUK0EGRQqW1tTYNQYINNViIoRMO9maLhTw8VPsXbvHH0-7jlmR_p4FYmtrV7tIFWuKAAHe3y7EKmaK9oQcgVdfZDUFBg8hf_3Yw6mKQRS76qzJ_Kbdpji5hzMtHJaf90j-4RaM9mt_-_y-5w3YGLMrf98Jzl13z7T22PanEs_tsQczevOm44TW19I7HIJpNvBzFTeu4nQiff1NSzNXxpuX-zHMKzUWqlNMpEZTzB-zH_NP3D5_TIQJDaqtMrNIiVISQ6pmvQ2YrV3tjCmvRoDnpyJksvZOWSEtlJXJTlVA6KWoFLgugAsBDttWetP4x4wIrkb7KZUAHzRWIPJyc1RltzqCH6bKE5eNEaDvQk1OUjGONbgoNle6HSuMw6ThUWiXszVRm2ZNzXJn71Ti_GtcQbYyY1p-sO42QRyCMwz4l7FE_31N9IEVBIb0SJjckYcpA_Nybb9rmKPJ0oxkB1HCzhL0d5UAPGqK7sp8_e8HabCJ6Y3qggDrSx2vdeb288G9XCyOsgOB06UBpITOlDS487cqA6QjWPIgn_9aXl-zW_se53vuy-PqUbRcI6Ppjcs_Y1up07Z-zm_bXqulOX8Rldw5mDC6A
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+a+blink%3F+Classifying+and+characterizing+blinks+in+eye+openness+signals&rft.jtitle=Behavior+research+methods&rft.au=Nystr%C3%B6m%2C+Marcus&rft.au=Andersson%2C+Richard&rft.au=Niehorster%2C+Diederick+C&rft.au=Hessels%2C+Roy+S&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft.issn=1554-3528&rft.eissn=1554-3528&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=3280&rft_id=info:doi/10.3758%2Fs13428-023-02333-9&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1554-3528&client=summon