Involvement of the host DNA-repair enzyme TDP2 in formation of the covalently closed circular DNA persistence reservoir of hepatitis B viruses
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of chronic hepatitis B and prototypic hepadnavirus, is a small DNA virus that replicates by protein-primed reverse transcription. The product is a 3-kb relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) in which one strand is linked to the viral polymerase (P protein) through...
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| Vydané v: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 111; číslo 40; s. E4244 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
07.10.2014
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| ISSN: | 1091-6490, 1091-6490 |
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| Abstract | Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of chronic hepatitis B and prototypic hepadnavirus, is a small DNA virus that replicates by protein-primed reverse transcription. The product is a 3-kb relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) in which one strand is linked to the viral polymerase (P protein) through a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiester bond. Upon infection, the incoming RC-DNA is converted into covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, which serves as a viral persistence reservoir that is refractory to current anti-HBV treatments. The mechanism of cccDNA formation is unknown, but the release of P protein is one mandatory step. Structural similarities between RC-DNA and cellular topoisomerase-DNA adducts and their known repair by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase (TDP) 1 or TDP2 suggested that HBV may usurp these enzymes for its own purpose. Here we demonstrate that human and chicken TDP2, but only the yeast ortholog of TDP1, can specifically cleave the Tyr-DNA bond in virus-adapted model substrates and release P protein from authentic HBV and duck HBV (DHBV) RC-DNA in vitro, without prior proteolysis of the large P proteins. Consistent with TPD2's having a physiological role in cccDNA formation, RNAi-mediated TDP2 depletion in human cells significantly slowed the conversion of RC-DNA to cccDNA. Ectopic TDP2 expression in the same cells restored faster conversion kinetics. These data strongly suggest that TDP2 is a first, although likely not the only, host DNA-repair factor involved in HBV cccDNA biogenesis. In addition to establishing a functional link between hepadnaviruses and DNA repair, our results open new prospects for directly targeting HBV persistence. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of chronic hepatitis B and prototypic hepadnavirus, is a small DNA virus that replicates by protein-primed reverse transcription. The product is a 3-kb relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) in which one strand is linked to the viral polymerase (P protein) through a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiester bond. Upon infection, the incoming RC-DNA is converted into covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, which serves as a viral persistence reservoir that is refractory to current anti-HBV treatments. The mechanism of cccDNA formation is unknown, but the release of P protein is one mandatory step. Structural similarities between RC-DNA and cellular topoisomerase-DNA adducts and their known repair by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase (TDP) 1 or TDP2 suggested that HBV may usurp these enzymes for its own purpose. Here we demonstrate that human and chicken TDP2, but only the yeast ortholog of TDP1, can specifically cleave the Tyr-DNA bond in virus-adapted model substrates and release P protein from authentic HBV and duck HBV (DHBV) RC-DNA in vitro, without prior proteolysis of the large P proteins. Consistent with TPD2's having a physiological role in cccDNA formation, RNAi-mediated TDP2 depletion in human cells significantly slowed the conversion of RC-DNA to cccDNA. Ectopic TDP2 expression in the same cells restored faster conversion kinetics. These data strongly suggest that TDP2 is a first, although likely not the only, host DNA-repair factor involved in HBV cccDNA biogenesis. In addition to establishing a functional link between hepadnaviruses and DNA repair, our results open new prospects for directly targeting HBV persistence.Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of chronic hepatitis B and prototypic hepadnavirus, is a small DNA virus that replicates by protein-primed reverse transcription. The product is a 3-kb relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) in which one strand is linked to the viral polymerase (P protein) through a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiester bond. Upon infection, the incoming RC-DNA is converted into covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, which serves as a viral persistence reservoir that is refractory to current anti-HBV treatments. The mechanism of cccDNA formation is unknown, but the release of P protein is one mandatory step. Structural similarities between RC-DNA and cellular topoisomerase-DNA adducts and their known repair by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase (TDP) 1 or TDP2 suggested that HBV may usurp these enzymes for its own purpose. Here we demonstrate that human and chicken TDP2, but only the yeast ortholog of TDP1, can specifically cleave the Tyr-DNA bond in virus-adapted model substrates and release P protein from authentic HBV and duck HBV (DHBV) RC-DNA in vitro, without prior proteolysis of the large P proteins. Consistent with TPD2's having a physiological role in cccDNA formation, RNAi-mediated TDP2 depletion in human cells significantly slowed the conversion of RC-DNA to cccDNA. Ectopic TDP2 expression in the same cells restored faster conversion kinetics. These data strongly suggest that TDP2 is a first, although likely not the only, host DNA-repair factor involved in HBV cccDNA biogenesis. In addition to establishing a functional link between hepadnaviruses and DNA repair, our results open new prospects for directly targeting HBV persistence. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causative agent of chronic hepatitis B and prototypic hepadnavirus, is a small DNA virus that replicates by protein-primed reverse transcription. The product is a 3-kb relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) in which one strand is linked to the viral polymerase (P protein) through a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiester bond. Upon infection, the incoming RC-DNA is converted into covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, which serves as a viral persistence reservoir that is refractory to current anti-HBV treatments. The mechanism of cccDNA formation is unknown, but the release of P protein is one mandatory step. Structural similarities between RC-DNA and cellular topoisomerase-DNA adducts and their known repair by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase (TDP) 1 or TDP2 suggested that HBV may usurp these enzymes for its own purpose. Here we demonstrate that human and chicken TDP2, but only the yeast ortholog of TDP1, can specifically cleave the Tyr-DNA bond in virus-adapted model substrates and release P protein from authentic HBV and duck HBV (DHBV) RC-DNA in vitro, without prior proteolysis of the large P proteins. Consistent with TPD2's having a physiological role in cccDNA formation, RNAi-mediated TDP2 depletion in human cells significantly slowed the conversion of RC-DNA to cccDNA. Ectopic TDP2 expression in the same cells restored faster conversion kinetics. These data strongly suggest that TDP2 is a first, although likely not the only, host DNA-repair factor involved in HBV cccDNA biogenesis. In addition to establishing a functional link between hepadnaviruses and DNA repair, our results open new prospects for directly targeting HBV persistence. |
| Author | Wingert, Ida Beck, Jürgen Marsmann, Moritz Königer, Christian Rösler, Christine Nassal, Michael |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christian surname: Königer fullname: Königer, Christian organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Ida surname: Wingert fullname: Wingert, Ida organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and – sequence: 3 givenname: Moritz surname: Marsmann fullname: Marsmann, Moritz organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and – sequence: 4 givenname: Christine surname: Rösler fullname: Rösler, Christine organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and – sequence: 5 givenname: Jürgen surname: Beck fullname: Beck, Jürgen email: juergen.beck@uniklinik-freiburg.de, nassal2@ukl.uni-freiburg.de organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and juergen.beck@uniklinik-freiburg.de nassal2@ukl.uni-freiburg.de – sequence: 6 givenname: Michael surname: Nassal fullname: Nassal, Michael email: juergen.beck@uniklinik-freiburg.de, nassal2@ukl.uni-freiburg.de organization: Department of Internal Medicine 2/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; and juergen.beck@uniklinik-freiburg.de nassal2@ukl.uni-freiburg.de |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201958$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Involvement of the host DNA-repair enzyme TDP2 in formation of the covalently closed circular DNA persistence reservoir of hepatitis B viruses |
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