Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the same time, it is now understood that diet plays a significan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of translational medicine Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 73 - 17
Main Authors: Singh, Rasnik K., Chang, Hsin-Wen, Yan, Di, Lee, Kristina M., Ucmak, Derya, Wong, Kirsten, Abrouk, Michael, Farahnik, Benjamin, Nakamura, Mio, Zhu, Tian Hao, Bhutani, Tina, Liao, Wilson
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 08.04.2017
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Abscesses
Acylation
Age
Amino acids
Amyloid
Animals
Antigen-presenting cells
Appendicitis
Arteriosclerosis
Arthritis
Atherosclerosis
Atopic dermatitis
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Bile
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Children
Dermatitis
Diabetes
Diet
Digestive system
Disease
E coli
Enzymes
Food
Fungi
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal tract
Gluten
Health
Humans
Immune response
Intestinal microflora
Lymphocytes
Medicine/Public Health
Metabolism
Microbiome
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Nutrition
Nutrition & metabolism
Obesity
Pathogenesis
Polyphenols - pharmacology
Probiotics
Probiotics - pharmacology
Protozoa
Review
Skin diseases
Small intestine
Spleen
Studies
Vitamins
Microbiota
Diet
Nutrition
Metabolism
Health
Microbiome
ISSN:1479-5876, 1479-5876
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the same time, it is now understood that diet plays a significant role in shaping the microbiome, with experiments showing that dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be significant therapeutic utility in altering microbial composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding the effects of several common dietary components on intestinal microbiota. We show that consumption of particular types of food produces predictable shifts in existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, the identity of these bacteria affects host immune and metabolic parameters, with broad implications for human health. Familiarity with these associations will be of tremendous use to the practitioner as well as the patient.
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ISSN:1479-5876
1479-5876
DOI:10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y