'Bodily precision': a predictive coding account of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy

Individuals differ in their awareness of afferent information from within their bodies, which is typically assessed by a heartbeat perception measure of 'interoceptive accuracy' (IAcc). Neural and behavioural correlates of this trait have been investigated, but a theoretical explanation ha...

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Veröffentlicht in:Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences Jg. 371; H. 1708
Hauptverfasser: Ainley, Vivien, Apps, Matthew A J, Fotopoulou, Aikaterini, Tsakiris, Manos
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England 19.11.2016
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ISSN:1471-2970
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Abstract Individuals differ in their awareness of afferent information from within their bodies, which is typically assessed by a heartbeat perception measure of 'interoceptive accuracy' (IAcc). Neural and behavioural correlates of this trait have been investigated, but a theoretical explanation has yet to be presented. Building on recent models that describe interoception within the free energy/predictive coding framework, this paper applies similar principles to IAcc, proposing that individual differences in IAcc depend on 'precision' in interoceptive systems, i.e. the relative weight accorded to 'prior' representations and 'prediction errors' (that part of incoming interoceptive sensation not accounted for by priors), at various levels within the cortical hierarchy and between modalities. Attention has the effect of optimizing precision both within and between sensory modalities. Our central assumption is that people with high IAcc are able, with attention, to prioritize interoception over other sensory modalities and can thus adjust the relative precision of their interoceptive priors and prediction errors, where appropriate, given their personal history. This characterization explains key findings within the interoception literature; links results previously seen as unrelated or contradictory; and may have important implications for understanding cognitive, behavioural and psychopathological consequences of both high and low interoceptive awareness.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
AbstractList Individuals differ in their awareness of afferent information from within their bodies, which is typically assessed by a heartbeat perception measure of 'interoceptive accuracy' (IAcc). Neural and behavioural correlates of this trait have been investigated, but a theoretical explanation has yet to be presented. Building on recent models that describe interoception within the free energy/predictive coding framework, this paper applies similar principles to IAcc, proposing that individual differences in IAcc depend on 'precision' in interoceptive systems, i.e. the relative weight accorded to 'prior' representations and 'prediction errors' (that part of incoming interoceptive sensation not accounted for by priors), at various levels within the cortical hierarchy and between modalities. Attention has the effect of optimizing precision both within and between sensory modalities. Our central assumption is that people with high IAcc are able, with attention, to prioritize interoception over other sensory modalities and can thus adjust the relative precision of their interoceptive priors and prediction errors, where appropriate, given their personal history. This characterization explains key findings within the interoception literature; links results previously seen as unrelated or contradictory; and may have important implications for understanding cognitive, behavioural and psychopathological consequences of both high and low interoceptive awareness.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
Author Apps, Matthew A J
Fotopoulou, Aikaterini
Ainley, Vivien
Tsakiris, Manos
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  surname: Ainley
  fullname: Ainley, Vivien
  email: v.l.ainley@rhul.ac.uk
  organization: Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK v.l.ainley@rhul.ac.uk
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  givenname: Matthew A J
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  fullname: Apps, Matthew A J
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
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  givenname: Aikaterini
  surname: Fotopoulou
  fullname: Fotopoulou, Aikaterini
  organization: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6B, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Manos
  surname: Tsakiris
  fullname: Tsakiris, Manos
  organization: Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28080962$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords interoception
free energy
interoceptive accuracy
predictive coding
heartbeat perception
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Snippet Individuals differ in their awareness of afferent information from within their bodies, which is typically assessed by a heartbeat perception measure of...
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SubjectTerms Awareness
Humans
Individuality
Interoception
Models, Neurological
Title 'Bodily precision': a predictive coding account of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy
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