The "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" and its application to health research

The use of a four‐level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A...

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Published in:	Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports Vol. 25; no. S4; pp. 119 - 125
Main Authors:	Grimby, G., Börjesson, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Schnohr, P., Thelle, D. S., Saltin, B.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2015
Subjects:	Clinical Medicine Exercise frågeformulär Fysisk aktivitet Health Sciences Humans Hälsovetenskap Klinisk medicin Leisure Activities leisure time Medicin/Teknik Medicine/Technology Morbidity Mortality Motor Activity Physical activity prediktion ques-tionnaire Reproducibility of Results Risk factors Scandinavian and Nordic Countries Sports medicine Surveys and Questionnaires - utilization validation Validation Studies as Topic validitet Scandinavian and Nordic Countries Physical activity leisure time validation ques-tionnaire
ISSN:	0905-7188, 1600-0838, 1600-0838
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	The use of a four‐level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality.
AbstractList	The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality. The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality. The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality. The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600,000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality.The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600,000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA. Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality. The use of a four‐level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity ( PA ) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first published in 1968 and has then been used by more than 600 000 subjects, especially in different population studies in the Nordic countries. A number of modifications to the questionnaire have been published. These are mostly minor changes, such as adding practical examples of activities to illustrate the levels of PA . Some authors have also added duration requirements that were not included for all levels of PA in the original version. The concurrent validity, with respect to aerobic capacity and movement analysis using objective measurements has been shown to be good, as has the predictive validity with respect to various risk factors for health conditions and for morbidity and mortality.
Author	Börjesson, M. Jonsdottir, I. H. Grimby, G. Schnohr, P. Saltin, B. Thelle, D. S.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: G. surname: Grimby fullname: Grimby, G. email: gunnar.grimby@rehab.gu.se organization: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Börjesson fullname: Börjesson, M. organization: The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: I. H. surname: Jonsdottir fullname: Jonsdottir, I. H. organization: The Institute of Stress Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: P. surname: Schnohr fullname: Schnohr, P. organization: The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 5 givenname: D. S. surname: Thelle fullname: Thelle, D. S. organization: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: B. surname: Saltin fullname: Saltin, B. organization: Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589125$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4219$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan) https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/229066$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Göteborgs universitet)
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Copyright	2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S
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Notes	Table S1. Various modifications of the original leisure time physical activity questionnaire published by Saltin and Grimby () and for historical reasons in chronological order, when new modifications have been published. The specific modifications are underlined. The procedure for data collection is presented under Comments. istex:520C1BA230FACBCCDB36FDEA3F10F9D412CD7FD3 ArticleID:SMS12611 ark:/67375/WNG-7DHWRJKH-V ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
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Eur J Epidemiol 2003: 18: 479-485. Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo NC, Peltonen M, Jousilahti P. The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47 212 middle-aged Finnish men and women. Int J Obesity 2005: 29: 894-902. Anderssen SA, Engeland A, Søgaard AJ, Nystad W, Graff-Iversen S, Holme I. Changes in physical activity behavior and the development of body mass index during the last 30 years in Norway. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008: 18: 309-317. Naess O, Søgaard AJ, Arnesen E, Beckstrøm AC, Bjertness E, Engeland A, Hjort PF, Holmen J, Magnus P, Njølstad I, Tell GS, Vatten L, Vollset SE, Aamodt G. Cohort profile; cohort of Norway (CONOR). Int J Epidemiol 2008: 37: 481-485. Holme I, Helgeland A, Hjermann I, Leren P, Lund-Larsen PG. Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study. Acta Med Scand 1981: 209: 277-283. Salonen JT, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. The relation of physical activity changes to changes in serum cholesterol and body weight in a three-year follow-up of population sample. Scand J Public Health 1981: 9: 109-117. Batty D. Reliability of a physical activity questionnaire in middle-aged men. Public Health 2000: 114: 474-476. Løchen ML, Rasmussen K. The Tromsø study: physical fitness, self reported physical activity, and their relationship to other coronary risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992: 46: 103-107. Solbraa AK, Holme IM, Graff-Iversen S, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Anderssen SA. Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in a 40- to 42-year-old rural Norwegian population from 1975-2010: repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health 2014: 14: 569. Grimby G. Physical activity and muscle training in the elderly. Acta Med Scand 1986: 711(Suppl.): 233-237. Sjøl A, Thomsen KK, Schroll M, Andersen LB. 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Leisure time physical act 2007; 39 1976; 200 1987; 8 2002; 55 2003; 13 2008; 37 1994; 22 2008; 32 2003; 18 1996; 143 1998; 158 1971 2001; 44 1973; 549 2013; 8 2003; 158 2012; 12 2005; 29 1997; 7 1977 2009; 56 2010; 21 2013; 99 2013; 13 1979; 634 2008; 23 2014; 14 1992; 46 2008; 198 1998; 98 1998; 13 1986; 711 1997; 336 2010; 38 2000; 114 2008; 18 2006; 16 1981; 209 2009 1981; 9 1975; 75 1981; 20 1988; 127 2001; 21 1990; 2 2013; 36 1968; 38 2002; 23 2011; 43 2015 1976; 18 2012; 46 2010; 51 1981; 12 Bjartveit K (e_1_2_5_8_1) 1979; 634 e_1_2_5_27_1 e_1_2_5_25_1 e_1_2_5_48_1 e_1_2_5_23_1 e_1_2_5_46_1 e_1_2_5_21_1 e_1_2_5_44_1 Saltin B (e_1_2_5_41_1) 1977 e_1_2_5_29_1 Salonen JT (e_1_2_5_40_1) 1981; 9 e_1_2_5_42_1 Bengtsson C (e_1_2_5_6_1) 1973; 549 e_1_2_5_15_1 e_1_2_5_38_1 Mattiasson‐Nilo I (e_1_2_5_32_1) 1990; 2 e_1_2_5_17_1 e_1_2_5_36_1 e_1_2_5_9_1 e_1_2_5_11_1 e_1_2_5_34_1 e_1_2_5_7_1 Grimby G (e_1_2_5_14_1) 1986; 711 e_1_2_5_13_1 e_1_2_5_55_1 e_1_2_5_5_1 e_1_2_5_3_1 e_1_2_5_19_1 Wilhelmsen L (e_1_2_5_56_1) 1971 e_1_2_5_30_1 e_1_2_5_53_1 e_1_2_5_51_1 e_1_2_5_28_1 e_1_2_5_49_1 e_1_2_5_26_1 e_1_2_5_47_1 e_1_2_5_24_1 e_1_2_5_45_1 e_1_2_5_22_1 Tibblin G (e_1_2_5_52_1) 1975; 75 e_1_2_5_20_1 Schnohr P (e_1_2_5_43_1) 2009; 56 e_1_2_5_39_1 e_1_2_5_16_1 e_1_2_5_37_1 e_1_2_5_10_1 e_1_2_5_35_1 e_1_2_5_12_1 e_1_2_5_33_1 e_1_2_5_4_1 e_1_2_5_2_1 WHO (e_1_2_5_54_1) 2009 e_1_2_5_18_1 e_1_2_5_31_1 e_1_2_5_50_1
References_xml	– reference: Schnohr P, Jensen J, Scharling H, Nordestgaard B. Coronary heart disease risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community. A 21 year follow-up of 12000 men and women from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2002: 23: 620-626. – reference: Thune I, Brenn T, Lund E, Gaard M. Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1997: 336: 1269-1275. – reference: Bergström G, Berglund G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Engström G, Engvall J, Eriksson M, de Faire U, Flinck A, Hansson MG, Hedblad B, Hjelmgren O, Janson C, Jernberg T, Johnsson Å, Johansson L, Lind L, Löfdahl CG, Melander O, Östgren CJ, Persson A, Persson M, Sandström A, Schmidt C, Söderberg S, Sundström J, Torén K, Waldenström A, Wedel H, Vikgren J, Fagerberg B, Rosengren A. The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS): objectives and design. J Intern Med 2015. In press – reference: Naess O, Søgaard AJ, Arnesen E, Beckstrøm AC, Bjertness E, Engeland A, Hjort PF, Holmen J, Magnus P, Njølstad I, Tell GS, Vatten L, Vollset SE, Aamodt G. Cohort profile; cohort of Norway (CONOR). Int J Epidemiol 2008: 37: 481-485. – reference: Løchen ML, Rasmussen K. The Tromsø study: physical fitness, self reported physical activity, and their relationship to other coronary risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992: 46: 103-107. – reference: Solbraa AK, Holme IM, Graff-Iversen S, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Anderssen SA. Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in a 40- to 42-year-old rural Norwegian population from 1975-2010: repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health 2014: 14: 569. – reference: Bjartveit K, Foss OP, Gjervig R, Lund-Larsen PG. The cardiovascular disease study in Norwegian counties. Background and organization. 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Am J Epidemiol 2003: 158: 639-644. – reference: Pyörälä M, Miettinen H, Laakso M, Pyörälä K. Hyperinsulinemia predicts coronary heart disease risk in healthy middle-aged men: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Circulation 1998: 98: 398-404. – reference: Christensen U, Stovring N, Schultz-Larsen K, Schroll M, Avlund K. Functional ability at age 75: is there an impact of physical inactivity from middle age to early old age? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006: 16: 245-251. – reference: Jacobsen BK, Bønaa KH, Njølstad I. Cardiovascular risk factors, change in risk factors over 7 years, and risk of clinical diabetes type 2. The Tromsø Study. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:647-653. – reference: Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men: evidence from a 20-year follow-up of the primary prevention study in Göteborg. 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Snippet	The use of a four‐level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first... The use of a four‐level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity ( PA ) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was... The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first... The use of a four-level questionnaire to assess leisure time physical activity (PA) and its validation is reviewed in this paper. This questionnaire was first...
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SubjectTerms	Clinical Medicine Exercise frågeformulär Fysisk aktivitet Health Sciences Humans Hälsovetenskap Klinisk medicin Leisure Activities leisure time Medicin/Teknik Medicine/Technology Morbidity Mortality Motor Activity Physical activity prediktion ques-tionnaire Reproducibility of Results Risk factors Scandinavian and Nordic Countries Sports medicine Surveys and Questionnaires - utilization validation Validation Studies as Topic validitet
Title	The "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" and its application to health research
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-7DHWRJKH-V/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fsms.12611 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589125 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1734157483 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1736415111 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1751205990 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4219 https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/229066
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