Electrolyte disorders in community subjects: prevalence and risk factors

Electrolyte disorders have been studied mainly in hospitalized patients, whereas data in the general population are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of common electrolyte disorders in older subjects recruited from the general population. A total of 5179...

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Veröffentlicht in:The American journal of medicine Jg. 126; H. 3; S. 256
Hauptverfasser: Liamis, George, Rodenburg, Eline M, Hofman, Albert, Zietse, Robert, Stricker, Bruno H, Hoorn, Ewout J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 01.03.2013
Schlagworte:
Aged
Diabetes Complications - epidemiology
Diuretics - adverse effects
Female
Humans
Hypercalciuria - epidemiology
Hypercalciuria - etiology
Hyperkalemia - epidemiology
Hyperkalemia - etiology
Hypernatremia - epidemiology
Hypernatremia - etiology
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypokalemia - epidemiology
Hypokalemia - etiology
Hyponatremia - epidemiology
Hyponatremia - etiology
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Nephrocalcinosis - epidemiology
Nephrocalcinosis - etiology
Netherlands - epidemiology
Prevalence
Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors - epidemiology
Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors - etiology
Risk Factors
Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors - adverse effects
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - chemically induced
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - epidemiology
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - etiology
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - mortality
Netherlands
ISSN:1555-7162, 1555-7162
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Zusammenfassung:Electrolyte disorders have been studied mainly in hospitalized patients, whereas data in the general population are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of common electrolyte disorders in older subjects recruited from the general population. A total of 5179 subjects aged 55 years or more were included from the population-based Rotterdam Study. We focused on hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, and hypomagnesemia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study potential associations with renal function, comorbidity, and medication. The adjusted mortality also was determined for each electrolyte disorder. A total of 776 subjects (15.0%) had at least 1 electrolyte disorder, with hyponatremia (7.7%) and hypernatremia (3.4%) being most common. Diabetes mellitus was identified as an independent risk factor for hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia, whereas hypertension was associated with hypokalemia. Diuretics were independently associated with several electrolyte disorders: thiazide diuretics (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), loop diuretics (hypernatremia, hypokalemia), and potassium-sparing diuretics (hyponatremia). The use of benzodiazepines also was associated with hyponatremia. Hyponatremic subjects who used both thiazides and benzodiazepines had a 3 mmol/L lower serum sodium concentration than subjects using 1 or none of these drugs (P < .001). Hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia were independently associated with an increased mortality risk. Electrolyte disorders are common among older community subjects and mainly associated with diabetes mellitus and diuretics. Subjects who used both thiazides and benzodiazepines had a more severe degree of hyponatremia. Because even mild electrolyte disorders were associated with mortality, monitoring of electrolytes and discontinuation of offending drugs may improve outcomes.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1555-7162
1555-7162
DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037