Groundwater balance and conservation under different water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios: A case study of the Hamadan-Bahar plain

Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously...

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Vydáno v:	Ecological economics Ročník 70; číslo 5; s. 863 - 872
Hlavní autoři:	Balali, Hamid, Khalilian, Sadegh, Viaggi, Davide, Bartolini, Fabio, Ahmadian, Majid
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Elsevier B.V 15.03.2011 Elsevier
Edice:	Ecological Economics
Témata:	Agricultural policy Agricultural production agricultural subsidies aquifers case studies Conservation of resources Decision-making Dynamic programming Ecology Economics equations Farmers Farms Groundwater Groundwater Dynamic programming Agricultural policy Pricing Iran irrigated farming Irrigation irrigation water Prices Pricing profits and margins Subsidies Value Water conservation Water resources Water supply water table wells Q18 Dynamic programming Groundwater Q25 Agricultural policy Pricing
ISSN:	0921-8009, 1873-6106
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Abstract	Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously in this area, threatening the life of groundwater aquifer. The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of irrigation water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios on aquifer conservation by considering the dynamic relations between aquifer groundwater balance and the agriculture sector. For this purpose a combination of simulation and optimization techniques is considered in a dynamic framework. Firstly, dynamic treatments of groundwater and the main factors affecting the balance of studied aquifer are simulated. Then, optimization behaviour of agriculture sector related to farmers' decision-making processes is defined on the time horizon. Thereafter all of the equations are used simultaneously by a non-linear dynamic programming method, which maximize present value of gross margins of agriculture sector subject to groundwater constrains and other input limitations. The analysis of the results indicates that water pricing by itself can considerably reduce the agricultural demand for aquifer groundwater in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. ► We modelled groundwater use by farmers in Bahar plain and groundwater dynamics. ► The model was used to simulate different policy scenario options. ► Water pricing can reduce the use of groundwater by irrigated agriculture. ► Price elasticities along the groundwater demand curve vary considerably. ► Instruments in addition to pricing schemes are needed to reduce water.
AbstractList	Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously in this area, threatening the life of groundwater aquifer. The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of irrigation water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios on aquifer conservation by considering the dynamic relations between aquifer groundwater balance and the agriculture sector. For this purpose a combination of simulation and optimization techniques is considered in a dynamic framework. Firstly, dynamic treatments of groundwater and the main factors affecting the balance of studied aquifer are simulated. Then, optimization behaviour of agriculture sector related to farmers' decision-making processes is defined on the time horizon. Thereafter all of the equations are used simultaneously by a non-linear dynamic programming method, which maximize present value of gross margins of agriculture sector subject to groundwater constrains and other input limitations. The analysis of the results indicates that water pricing by itself can considerably reduce the agricultural demand for aquifer groundwater in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously in this area, threatening the life of groundwater aquifer. The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of irrigation water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios on aquifer conservation by considering the dynamic relations between aquifer groundwater balance and the agriculture sector. For this purpose a combination of simulation and optimization techniques is considered in a dynamic framework. Firstly, dynamic treatments of groundwater and the main factors affecting the balance of studied aquifer are simulated. Then, optimization behaviour of agriculture sector related to farmers' decision-making processes is defined on the time horizon. Thereafter all of the equations are used simultaneously by a non-linear dynamic programming method, which maximize present value of gross margins of agriculture sector subject to groundwater constrains and other input limitations. The analysis of the results indicates that water pricing by itself can considerably reduce the agricultural demand for aquifer groundwater in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. All rights reserved, Elsevier Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously in this area, threatening the life of groundwater aquifer. The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of irrigation water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios on aquifer conservation by considering the dynamic relations between aquifer groundwater balance and the agriculture sector. For this purpose a combination of simulation and optimization techniques is considered in a dynamic framework. Firstly, dynamic treatments of groundwater and the main factors affecting the balance of studied aquifer are simulated. Then, optimization behaviour of agriculture sector related to farmers' decision-making processes is defined on the time horizon. Thereafter all of the equations are used simultaneously by a non-linear dynamic programming method, which maximize present value of gross margins of agriculture sector subject to groundwater constrains and other input limitations. The analysis of the results indicates that water pricing by itself can considerably reduce the agricultural demand for aquifer groundwater in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.] Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated farms, with no consideration of groundwater resource conservation. As a result, the level of the groundwater table has decreased continuously in this area, threatening the life of groundwater aquifer. The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of irrigation water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios on aquifer conservation by considering the dynamic relations between aquifer groundwater balance and the agriculture sector. For this purpose a combination of simulation and optimization techniques is considered in a dynamic framework. Firstly, dynamic treatments of groundwater and the main factors affecting the balance of studied aquifer are simulated. Then, optimization behaviour of agriculture sector related to farmers' decision-making processes is defined on the time horizon. Thereafter all of the equations are used simultaneously by a non-linear dynamic programming method, which maximize present value of gross margins of agriculture sector subject to groundwater constrains and other input limitations. The analysis of the results indicates that water pricing by itself can considerably reduce the agricultural demand for aquifer groundwater in the Hamadan-Bahar plain. ► We modelled groundwater use by farmers in Bahar plain and groundwater dynamics. ► The model was used to simulate different policy scenario options. ► Water pricing can reduce the use of groundwater by irrigated agriculture. ► Price elasticities along the groundwater demand curve vary considerably. ► Instruments in addition to pricing schemes are needed to reduce water.
Author	Balali, Hamid Bartolini, Fabio Khalilian, Sadegh Viaggi, Davide Ahmadian, Majid
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Hamid surname: Balali fullname: Balali, Hamid organization: Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Economics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Sadegh surname: Khalilian fullname: Khalilian, Sadegh email: khalilian.sadegh5@gmail.com organization: Department of Agricultural Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Davide surname: Viaggi fullname: Viaggi, Davide organization: Department of Agricultural Economics and Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Fabio surname: Bartolini fullname: Bartolini, Fabio organization: Department of Agricultural Economics and Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Majid surname: Ahmadian fullname: Ahmadian, Majid organization: Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Snippet	Government subsidies for agricultural activities in recent decades have encouraged farmers of Hamadan-Bahar plain to extend the number of wells and irrigated...
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SubjectTerms	Agricultural policy Agricultural production agricultural subsidies aquifers case studies Conservation of resources Decision-making Dynamic programming Ecology Economics equations Farmers Farms Groundwater Groundwater Dynamic programming Agricultural policy Pricing Iran irrigated farming Irrigation irrigation water Prices Pricing profits and margins Subsidies Value Water conservation Water resources Water supply water table wells
Title	Groundwater balance and conservation under different water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios: A case study of the Hamadan-Bahar plain
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