Wallerian degeneration: the innate-immune response to traumatic nerve injury

Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves results in the loss of neural functions. Recovery by regeneration depends on the cellular and molecular events of Wallerian degeneration that injury induces distal to the lesion site, the domain through which severed axons regenerate back to their target tissues...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroinflammation Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 109
Main Author: Rotshenker, Shlomo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 30.08.2011
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Acute stress disorder
Animals
Axons - immunology
Axons - pathology
Axons - ultrastructure
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Complications and side effects
cytokine
Cytokines - immunology
Diagnosis
Galectin 3 - metabolism
Genotype & phenotype
Immune response
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunology
Injuries
Lateral medullary syndrome
macrophage
Macrophages - cytology
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - physiology
myelin
Myelin Sheath - metabolism
Myelin Sheath - pathology
Nerve Regeneration - immunology
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Peripheral Nerves - immunology
Peripheral Nerves - pathology
phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - physiology
Review
Risk factors
Schwann Cells - cytology
Schwann Cells - immunology
Trauma, Nervous System - immunology
Trauma, Nervous System - pathology
Wallerian degeneration
Wallerian Degeneration - immunology
Wallerian Degeneration - pathology
Wound healing
Israel
cytokine
myelin
phagocytosis
macrophage
Wallerian degeneration
ISSN:1742-2094, 1742-2094
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves results in the loss of neural functions. Recovery by regeneration depends on the cellular and molecular events of Wallerian degeneration that injury induces distal to the lesion site, the domain through which severed axons regenerate back to their target tissues. Innate-immunity is central to Wallerian degeneration since innate-immune cells, functions and molecules that are produced by immune and non-immune cells are involved. The innate-immune response helps to turn the peripheral nerve tissue into an environment that supports regeneration by removing inhibitory myelin and by upregulating neurotrophic properties. The characteristics of an efficient innate-immune response are rapid onset and conclusion, and the orchestrated interplay between Schwann cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and molecules they produce. Wallerian degeneration serves as a prelude for successful repair when these requirements are met. In contrast, functional recovery is poor when injury fails to produce the efficient innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration.
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ISSN:1742-2094
1742-2094
DOI:10.1186/1742-2094-8-109