Drug-resistant tuberculosis: time for visionary political leadership

Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug re...

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Vydáno v:	The Lancet infectious diseases Ročník 13; číslo 6; s. 529 - 539
Hlavní autoři:	Abubakar, Ibrahim, Zignol, Matteo, Falzon, Dennis, Raviglione, Mario, Ditiu, Lucica, Masham, Susan, Adetifa, Ifedayo, Ford, Nathan, Cox, Helen, Lawn, Stephen D, Marais, Ben J, McHugh, Timothy D, Mwaba, Peter, Bates, Matthew, Lipman, Marc, Zijenah, Lynn, Logan, Simon, McNerney, Ruth, Zumla, Adam, Sarda, Krishna, Nahid, Payam, Hoelscher, Michael, Pletschette, Michel, Memish, Ziad A, Kim, Peter, Hafner, Richard, Cole, Stewart, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Maeurer, Markus, Schito, Marco, Zumla, Alimuddin
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2013 Lancet Publishing Group Elsevier Limited
Témata:	Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Drug resistance Epidemics Global Health Human bacterial diseases Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Medical sciences Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification Pandemics Prevalence Public health Tuberculosis Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - drug therapy Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology World Health Organization Infection Resistance Bacteriosis Tuberculosis Mycobacterial infection
ISSN:	1473-3099, 1474-4457, 1474-4457
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Abstract	Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans.
AbstractList	Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans. Summary Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans. Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans.Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans. Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to control the epidemic. At that time, most strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosiswere susceptible to first-line tuberculosis drugs, and drug resistance was not a major issue. However, in 2013, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, with prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis rising. WHO estimates roughly 630 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis worldwide, with great variation in the frequency of MDR tuberculosis between countries. In the past 8 years, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has emerged, and has been reported in 84 countries, heralding the possibility of virtually untreatable tuberculosis. Increased population movement, the continuing HIV pandemic, and the rise in MDR tuberculosis pose formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. We provide an overview of the global burden of drug-resistant disease; discuss the social, health service, management, and control issues that fuel and sustain the epidemic; and suggest specific recommendations for important next steps. Visionary political leadership is needed to curb the rise of MDR and XDR tuberculosis worldwide, through sustained funding and the implementation of global and regional action plans.
Author	Abubakar, Ibrahim Ditiu, Lucica Sarda, Krishna Raviglione, Mario Pletschette, Michel Falzon, Dennis Zumla, Adam McNerney, Ruth Ford, Nathan Migliori, Giovanni Battista Hoelscher, Michael Kim, Peter Lawn, Stephen D Nahid, Payam Memish, Ziad A Masham, Susan Maeurer, Markus McHugh, Timothy D Logan, Simon Hafner, Richard Lipman, Marc Marais, Ben J Zumla, Alimuddin Mwaba, Peter Schito, Marco Cole, Stewart Zijenah, Lynn Zignol, Matteo Cox, Helen Bates, Matthew Adetifa, Ifedayo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ibrahim surname: Abubakar fullname: Abubakar, Ibrahim organization: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Matteo surname: Zignol fullname: Zignol, Matteo organization: Stop TB Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Dennis surname: Falzon fullname: Falzon, Dennis organization: Stop TB Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: Mario surname: Raviglione fullname: Raviglione, Mario organization: Stop TB Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: Lucica surname: Ditiu fullname: Ditiu, Lucica organization: STOP TB Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 6 givenname: Susan surname: Masham fullname: Masham, Susan organization: All Party Parliamentary Group on Global Tuberculosis, London, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Ifedayo surname: Adetifa fullname: Adetifa, Ifedayo organization: Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia – sequence: 8 givenname: Nathan surname: Ford fullname: Ford, Nathan organization: Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 9 givenname: Helen surname: Cox fullname: Cox, Helen organization: Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 10 givenname: Stephen D surname: Lawn fullname: Lawn, Stephen D organization: Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK – sequence: 11 givenname: Ben J surname: Marais fullname: Marais, Ben J organization: Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 12 givenname: Timothy D surname: McHugh fullname: McHugh, Timothy D organization: Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 13 givenname: Peter surname: Mwaba fullname: Mwaba, Peter organization: University of Zambia-University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia – sequence: 14 givenname: Matthew surname: Bates fullname: Bates, Matthew organization: Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 15 givenname: Marc surname: Lipman fullname: Lipman, Marc organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 16 givenname: Lynn surname: Zijenah fullname: Zijenah, Lynn organization: University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 17 givenname: Simon surname: Logan fullname: Logan, Simon organization: All Party Parliamentary Group on Global Tuberculosis, London, UK – sequence: 18 givenname: Ruth surname: McNerney fullname: McNerney, Ruth organization: Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK – sequence: 19 givenname: Adam surname: Zumla fullname: Zumla, Adam organization: University of Zambia-University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia – sequence: 20 givenname: Krishna surname: Sarda fullname: Sarda, Krishna organization: India 800 Foundation, New Delhi, India – sequence: 21 givenname: Payam surname: Nahid fullname: Nahid, Payam organization: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA – sequence: 22 givenname: Michael surname: Hoelscher fullname: Hoelscher, Michael organization: Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany – sequence: 23 givenname: Michel surname: Pletschette fullname: Pletschette, Michel organization: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland – sequence: 24 givenname: Ziad A surname: Memish fullname: Memish, Ziad A organization: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 25 givenname: Peter surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Peter organization: Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA – sequence: 26 givenname: Richard surname: Hafner fullname: Hafner, Richard organization: Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA – sequence: 27 givenname: Stewart surname: Cole fullname: Cole, Stewart organization: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 28 givenname: Giovanni Battista surname: Migliori fullname: Migliori, Giovanni Battista organization: WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy – sequence: 29 givenname: Markus surname: Maeurer fullname: Maeurer, Markus organization: Department of Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 30 givenname: Marco surname: Schito fullname: Schito, Marco organization: Henry M Jackson Foundation-Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA – sequence: 31 givenname: Alimuddin surname: Zumla fullname: Zumla, Alimuddin email: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk organization: Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Copyright	2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. 2014 INIST-CNRS Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright Elsevier Limited Jun 2013
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Keywords	Infection Resistance Bacteriosis Tuberculosis Mycobacterial infection
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Snippet	Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course programme to... Summary Two decades ago, WHO declared tuberculosis a global emergency, and invested in the highly cost-effective directly observed treatment short-course...
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SubjectTerms	Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Drug resistance Epidemics Global Health Human bacterial diseases Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Medical sciences Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification Pandemics Prevalence Public health Tuberculosis Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - drug therapy Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology World Health Organization
Title	Drug-resistant tuberculosis: time for visionary political leadership
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