Geographic Distribution, Genetic Variability and Biological Properties of Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma in Southeast Asia

Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) causes clear orange to yellowish leaf discoloration and severe stunting in rice seedlings. The ecological and biological characteristics of ROLP are largely unknown because the disease has not widely caused serious problems in rice cultivated areas, thereby leadin...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pathogens (Basel) Jg. 10; H. 2; S. 169
Hauptverfasser: Ong, Socheath, Jonson, Gilda B., Calassanzio, Matteo, Rin, Soriya, Chou, Cheythyrith, Oi, Takao, Sato, Ikuo, Takemoto, Daigo, Tanaka, Toshiharu, Choi, Il-Ryong, Nign, Chhay, Chiba, Sotaro
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 04.02.2021
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Accumulation
Aquatic plants
Bioaccumulation
Biological properties
Cambodia
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris 16SrI-B subgroup
China
Crop production
Cultivation
DAPI staining
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Discoloration
Disease
Dispersal
DNA
Fluorescence
genetic divergence
Genetic variability
genetic variation
Geographical distribution
Grain cultivation
India
Infections
Insects
Leaves
monophyly
Parenchyma
Pathogens
Philippines
phloem
Phylogenetics
Phytoplasma
Polymerase chain reaction
Population
Provinces
Recilia dorsalis
Ribosomal DNA
Rice
rice orange leaf phytoplasma
Scanning electron microscopy
Seedlings
Sheaths
Starch
storage starch accumulation
Thailand
Vectors
Vietnam
Viruses
Southeast Asia
Vietnam
Cambodia
China
Philippines
Thailand
India
scanning electron microscopy
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris 16SrI-B subgroup
genetic divergence
DAPI staining
storage starch accumulation
rice orange leaf phytoplasma
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
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Zusammenfassung:Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) causes clear orange to yellowish leaf discoloration and severe stunting in rice seedlings. The ecological and biological characteristics of ROLP are largely unknown because the disease has not widely caused serious problems in rice cultivated areas, thereby leading to the low accumulation of research data. However, in the past decade, the disease became a threat to rice production, particularly in South China and India; it has also been recognised in other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines. Here, we observed the occurrence of ROLP in paddies of the Southeast Asian counties (Cambodia, Vietnam and the Philippines) and found that the isolates in the Philippines and Vietnam were monophyletic, while those in India, Thailand and Cambodia were more diverse, suggesting their potential origins. In Cambodia, it was revealed that following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection, the known ROLP-insect vectors, N. virescens Distant and Recilia dorsalis Motchulsky, were ROLP-positive, indicating their roles in pathogen dispersal. Moreover, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy revealed the intensive accumulation of the phytoplasma in phloem tissues and massive accumulation of storage starch in vascular bundle sheath and parenchyma. Altogether, this study illustrated the genetic variability of global ROLP isolates and the pathogen’s biological impact on rice tissue.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens10020169