Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland

This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PloS one Jg. 15; H. 7; S. e0236337
Hauptverfasser:	Elmer, Timon, Mepham, Kieran, Stadtfeld, Christoph
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 23.07.2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:	Anxiety Betacoronavirus Biology and Life Sciences CAI College students Computer and Information Sciences Computer assisted instruction Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - psychology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Crises Data collection Depression Distance learning Emotional support Engineering and Technology Female Friendship Health indicators Health status Humanities Humans Loneliness Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental Health Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - psychology Political science Psychological aspects Psychological distress Psychological effects Questionnaires Research and Analysis Methods SARS-CoV-2 Social distancing Social integration Social interactions Social isolation Social Isolation - psychology Social life & customs Social Networking Social networks Social organization Social research Social Sciences Social support Stress Stress, Psychological Students Students - psychology Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Switzerland - epidemiology Teaching Trajectory control Undergraduate students Undergraduate study Universities Switzerland
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N = 212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N = 54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID-19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID-19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AbstractList	This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N = 212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N = 54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID-19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID-19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N = 212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N = 54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID-19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID-19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N = 212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N = 54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about health, family, friends, and their future. Exploratory analyses suggest that COVID-19 specific worries, isolation in social networks, lack of interaction and emotional support, and physical isolation were associated with negative mental health trajectories. Female students appeared to have worse mental health trajectories when controlling for different levels of social integration and COVID-19 related stressors. As universities and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health and offer starting points to identify and support students at higher risk of social isolation and negative psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Author	Mepham, Kieran Stadtfeld, Christoph Elmer, Timon
AuthorAffiliation	Social Networks Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Middlesex University, UNITED KINGDOM
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Social Networks Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland – name: Middlesex University, UNITED KINGDOM
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Timon orcidid: 0000-0003-4354-4457 surname: Elmer fullname: Elmer, Timon – sequence: 2 givenname: Kieran surname: Mepham fullname: Mepham, Kieran – sequence: 3 givenname: Christoph surname: Stadtfeld fullname: Stadtfeld, Christoph
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702065$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data... This study investigates students’ social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data...
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SubjectTerms	Anxiety Betacoronavirus Biology and Life Sciences CAI College students Computer and Information Sciences Computer assisted instruction Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - psychology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Crises Data collection Depression Distance learning Emotional support Engineering and Technology Female Friendship Health indicators Health status Humanities Humans Loneliness Male Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Mental Health Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - psychology Political science Psychological aspects Psychological distress Psychological effects Questionnaires Research and Analysis Methods SARS-CoV-2 Social distancing Social integration Social interactions Social isolation Social Isolation - psychology Social life & customs Social Networking Social networks Social organization Social research Social Sciences Social support Stress Stress, Psychological Students Students - psychology Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Switzerland - epidemiology Teaching Trajectory control Undergraduate students Undergraduate study Universities
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Title	Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland
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Volume	15
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