Families Matter: Social Support and Mental Health Trajectories Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to victimization. Social support, particularly from families, has been identified as an important promotive factor. However, little is known about how...

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Vydáno v:Journal of adolescent health Ročník 59; číslo 6; s. 674 - 680
Hlavní autoři: McConnell, Elizabeth A., Birkett, Michelle, Mustanski, Brian
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2016
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ISSN:1054-139X, 1879-1972
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Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to victimization. Social support, particularly from families, has been identified as an important promotive factor. However, little is known about how LGBT youth experience multiple forms of support or how early support predicts mental health across adolescence and into young adulthood. In an analytic sample of 232 LGBT youth aged 16–20 years at baseline across 5.5 years, we compared developmental trajectories of psychological distress between three empirically derived social support cluster types at baseline: those who reported uniformly low support, those who reported uniformly high support, and those who reported nonfamily support (i.e., high peer and significant other but low family support). Longitudinal multilevel modeling, controlling for age, victimization, and social support at each wave, indicated key differences between cluster types. Youth in the low and nonfamily support clusters reported greater distress across all time points relative to youth in the high support cluster; however, they also showed a sharper decline in distress. Youth in the nonfamily cluster gained family support across adolescence, such that they resembled youth in the high support cluster by early adulthood. Findings underscore the importance of family support for LGBT youth. Youth who lack family support, but who have other forms of support, report a decrease in psychological distress and an increase in family support across adolescence. Youth who are low in all forms of support continue to exhibit high distress.
AbstractList Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to victimization. Social support, particularly from families, has been identified as an important promotive factor. However, little is known about how LGBT youth experience multiple forms of support or how early support predicts mental health across adolescence and into young adulthood. In an analytic sample of 232 LGBT youth aged 16–20 years at baseline across 5.5 years, we compared developmental trajectories of psychological distress between three empirically derived social support cluster types at baseline: those who reported uniformly low support, those who reported uniformly high support, and those who reported nonfamily support (i.e., high peer and significant other but low family support). Longitudinal multilevel modeling, controlling for age, victimization, and social support at each wave, indicated key differences between cluster types. Youth in the low and nonfamily support clusters reported greater distress across all time points relative to youth in the high support cluster; however, they also showed a sharper decline in distress. Youth in the nonfamily cluster gained family support across adolescence, such that they resembled youth in the high support cluster by early adulthood. Findings underscore the importance of family support for LGBT youth. Youth who lack family support, but who have other forms of support, report a decrease in psychological distress and an increase in family support across adolescence. Youth who are low in all forms of support continue to exhibit high distress.
Abstract Purpose Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to victimization. Social support, particularly from families, has been identified as an important promotive factor. However, little is known about how LGBT youth experience multiple forms of support or how early support predicts mental health across adolescence and into young adulthood. Methods In an analytic sample of 232 LGBT youth aged 16–20 years at baseline across 5.5 years, we compared developmental trajectories of psychological distress between three empirically derived social support cluster types at baseline: those who reported uniformly low support, those who reported uniformly high support, and those who reported nonfamily support (i.e., high peer and significant other but low family support). Results Longitudinal multilevel modeling, controlling for age, victimization, and social support at each wave, indicated key differences between cluster types. Youth in the low and nonfamily support clusters reported greater distress across all time points relative to youth in the high support cluster; however, they also showed a sharper decline in distress. Youth in the nonfamily cluster gained family support across adolescence, such that they resembled youth in the high support cluster by early adulthood. Conclusions Findings underscore the importance of family support for LGBT youth. Youth who lack family support, but who have other forms of support, report a decrease in psychological distress and an increase in family support across adolescence. Youth who are low in all forms of support continue to exhibit high distress.
PURPOSELesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to victimization. Social support, particularly from families, has been identified as an important promotive factor. However, little is known about how LGBT youth experience multiple forms of support or how early support predicts mental health across adolescence and into young adulthood.METHODSIn an analytic sample of 232 LGBT youth aged 16-20 years at baseline across 5.5 years, we compared developmental trajectories of psychological distress between three empirically derived social support cluster types at baseline: those who reported uniformly low support, those who reported uniformly high support, and those who reported nonfamily support (i.e., high peer and significant other but low family support).RESULTSLongitudinal multilevel modeling, controlling for age, victimization, and social support at each wave, indicated key differences between cluster types. Youth in the low and nonfamily support clusters reported greater distress across all time points relative to youth in the high support cluster; however, they also showed a sharper decline in distress. Youth in the nonfamily cluster gained family support across adolescence, such that they resembled youth in the high support cluster by early adulthood.CONCLUSIONSFindings underscore the importance of family support for LGBT youth. Youth who lack family support, but who have other forms of support, report a decrease in psychological distress and an increase in family support across adolescence. Youth who are low in all forms of support continue to exhibit high distress.
Author Birkett, Michelle
Mustanski, Brian
McConnell, Elizabeth A.
AuthorAffiliation b Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
a Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: b Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
– name: a Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Elizabeth A.
  surname: McConnell
  fullname: McConnell, Elizabeth A.
  organization: Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Michelle
  surname: Birkett
  fullname: Birkett, Michelle
  organization: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Brian
  surname: Mustanski
  fullname: Mustanski, Brian
  email: brian@northwestern.edu
  organization: Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27707515$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 6
Keywords Adolescent development
Longitudinal
Family support
Mental health
LGBT youth
LGBT
Social support
Language English
License Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Snippet Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to...
Abstract Purpose Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in...
PURPOSELesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents are at greater risk for mental health problems than their heterosexual peers, in part due to...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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StartPage 674
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adolescent development
Bullying
Crime Victims - psychology
Family - psychology
Family support
Female
Humans
LGBT
LGBT youth
Longitudinal
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mental health
Mental Health - statistics & numerical data
Pediatrics
Peer Group
Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology
Social Support
Stress, Psychological - epidemiology
Young Adult
Title Families Matter: Social Support and Mental Health Trajectories Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth
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Volume 59
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