Endogenized viral sequences in mammals

•Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up 25% of the genome of mammals yet sequenced.•Different ERVs are involved in placenta formation in different mammalian lineages.•ERVs can mediate resistance to closely related exogenous viruses.•ERVs modulate the innate immune system and help maintain pluripoten...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Current opinion in microbiology Ročník 31; s. 176 - 183
Hlavní autoři: Parrish, Nicholas F., Tomonaga, Keizo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2016
Témata:
Adaptive Immunity - genetics
Animals
Endogenous Retroviruses - genetics
genome
Genome - genetics
germ cells
Humans
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Mammals - genetics
Mammals - virology
nucleotide sequences
Pathology
Retroviridae
RNA
transcription (genetics)
ISSN:1369-5274, 1879-0364, 1879-0364
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Popis
Shrnutí:•Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up 25% of the genome of mammals yet sequenced.•Different ERVs are involved in placenta formation in different mammalian lineages.•ERVs can mediate resistance to closely related exogenous viruses.•ERVs modulate the innate immune system and help maintain pluripotency.•Studies on the role of ERVs in adaptive immunity and somatic mosaicism are needed. Reverse-transcribed RNA molecules compose a significant portion of the human genome. Many of these RNA molecules were retrovirus genomes either infecting germline cells or having done so in a previous generation but retaining transcriptional activity. This mechanism itself accounts for a quarter of the genomic sequence information of mammals for which there is data. We understand relatively little about the causes and consequences of retroviral endogenization. This review highlights functions ascribed to sequences of viral origin endogenized into mammalian genomes and suggests some of the most pressing questions raised by these observations.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ISSN:1369-5274
1879-0364
1879-0364
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.002