Long-term consumption of plant stanol and sterol esters, vascular function and genetic regulation

Polymorphisms of the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes interfere with cholesterol absorption and synthesis. We determined whether common polymorphisms of these genes regulate the responses of serum cholesterol and vascular function during long-term inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Mildly to moderately hype...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	British journal of nutrition Vol. 101; no. 11; pp. 1688 - 1695
Main Authors:	Gylling, Helena, Hallikainen, Maarit, Raitakari, Olli T, Laakso, Markku, Vartiainen, Erkki, Salo, Pia, Korpelainen, Vesa, Sundvall, Jouko, Miettinen, Tatu A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 14.06.2009
Subjects:	Absorption Adult Aged ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 5 ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 8 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics Biological and medical sciences blood Blood pressure Brachial Artery Brachial Artery - drug effects Brachial Artery - physiopathology Cardiovascular disease cardiovascular system Carotid Arteries Carotid Arteries - drug effects Carotid Arteries - physiopathology Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood Cholesterol absorption diet therapy Double-Blind Method drug effects Esters Fatty acids Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Food, Fortified Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects genes genetics Humans hypercholesterolemia Hypercholesterolemia - blood Hypercholesterolemia - diet therapy Hypercholesterolemia - genetics Hypercholesterolemia - physiopathology ingestion Intima media thickness Lipids Lipoproteins Lipoproteins - genetics long term effects Male Margarine Middle Aged nutrition-genotype interaction pathology pharmacology physiopathology Phytosterol esters Phytosterols Phytosterols - pharmacology plant-based foods Polymorphism Polymorphism, Genetic Proteins Public health Sitosterols Sitosterols - pharmacology stanols Sterols Tunica Intima Tunica Intima - pathology Tunica Media Tunica Media - pathology Vascular function Vasodilation Vasodilation - drug effects Vasodilation - genetics Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems United States > US Finland Long term Intima media thickness Ester Vertebrata Plant Regulation(control) Mammalia Food intake function Phytosterol esters Genetics Cholesterol absorption Sterol
ISSN:	0007-1145, 1475-2662, 1475-2662
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Summary:	Polymorphisms of the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes interfere with cholesterol absorption and synthesis. We determined whether common polymorphisms of these genes regulate the responses of serum cholesterol and vascular function during long-term inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Mildly to moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects (n 282) completed a 1-year study consuming plant stanol or sterol ester (2 g stanol or sterol) or control spread. Serum cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols, markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis, and variables of vascular function and structure were analysed in relation to common polymorphisms of ABCG5 and ABCG8. At baseline, subjects with the 54K allele of ABCG8 had higher brachial endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation than those without it (5·79 (se 0·31) v. 4·46 (se 0·44) %; P = 0·049), and subjects with the 632V allele of ABCG8 had larger brachial artery diameter than those without it. Polymorphisms of ABCG5 and ABCG8 were neither associated with serum cholesterol reduction nor changes in cholesterol metabolism or in vascular function. However, in subjects with the 400K allele of ABCG8, intima media thickness (IMT) was increased in all groups more than in those without it (P < 0·05). In conclusion, serum cholesterol lowering with absorption inhibition was not associated with polymorphic sites of ABCG5 and ABCG8. However, regulation of baseline cholesterol metabolism and vascular function and structure, and IMT progression during 1 year seemed to share some of the common polymorphic sites of these genes, suggesting a gene-regulated interaction between cholesterol metabolism and vascular function and structure.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508116300 ark:/67375/6GQ-3RRTHKS4-M PII:S0007114508116300 ArticleID:11630 istex:36EF40E250835A5FD4BB88E4C5159D1E541D63C8 Abbreviations: CAC, carotid artery compliance; FMD, flow-mediated dilatation; IMT, intima media thickness ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	0007-1145 1475-2662 1475-2662
DOI:	10.1017/s0007114508116300