Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study

Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requireme...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one Jg. 20; H. 9; S. e0333588
Hauptverfasser: Reck, Chiara, Dengler, Dorothee, Belz, Lukas, Harth, Volker, Oldenburg, Marcus
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 30.09.2025
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Abstract Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board. A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity. The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs. The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
AbstractList Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board. A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity. The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs. The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board. A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity. The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs. The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
BackgroundHealth and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board.MethodsA total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs.ConclusionThe impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
Background Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board. Methods A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity. Results The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs. Conclusion The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
Background Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board. Methods A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity. Results The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs. Conclusion The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board.BACKGROUNDHealth and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands placed on these workers. The present study focuses on assessing the current health status and well-being, identifying personal needs and requirements for health promotion among officers and ratings on board.A total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity.METHODSA total of 583 seafarers from a German shipping company were surveyed by using a questionnaire including the standardized WHO-5-Well-being Index, PHQ-9, GPAQ and questions about the need for health measures as well as physical activity.The survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs.RESULTSThe survey was distributed to 616 seafarers on 33 merchant ships with a response rate of 94.6%. Officers reported lower well-being compared to ratings (60.1% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.001). Regarding depressive symptoms no significant differences between the rank groups were found. Furthermore, ratings stated a significantly higher total physical activity than officers (10,437 vs. 8,035 MET-min/week, p = 0.005), while officers were significantly more sedentary compared to ratings (3.5 vs. 2.4 hours/day, p = 0.001). Seafarers also reported a high interest in sports on board (>56%) and health promotion (>60%), with a preference for digital formats and monetary incentives for participation in health programs.The impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.CONCLUSIONThe impaired well-being of seafarers compared to shore-based reference groups underscores the need for targeted, digital interventions to improve the health and well-being of seafarers. The findings highlight significant differences in well-being, physical activity, and interest in health promotion between officers and ratings. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to better understand the causal relationships between occupational and socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among seafarers.
Audience Academic
Author Dengler, Dorothee
Reck, Chiara
Harth, Volker
Oldenburg, Marcus
Belz, Lukas
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  surname: Reck
  fullname: Reck, Chiara
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  givenname: Dorothee
  surname: Dengler
  fullname: Dengler, Dorothee
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  givenname: Lukas
  surname: Belz
  fullname: Belz, Lukas
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  givenname: Volker
  surname: Harth
  fullname: Harth, Volker
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Marcus
  surname: Oldenburg
  fullname: Oldenburg, Marcus
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41026690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological demands...
Background Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological...
BackgroundHealth and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological...
Background Health and well-being of seafarers working on merchant vessels is an essential area of research, given the significant physical and psychological...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Cargo ships
Consent
Cross-Sectional Studies
Exercise
Female
Germany
Health aspects
Health care
Health Promotion
Health Status
Humans
Leisure
Male
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental health
Merchant ships
Metabolism
Middle Aged
Occupational Health
Officers
Officials and employees
Physical activity
Psychological aspects
Questionnaires
Ratings
Ratings & rankings
Shipping industry
Ships
Sleep
Sports
Stress
Surveys and Questionnaires
Well being
Wellness programs
Young Adult
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Title Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333588
Volume 20
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