Pre-clinical evaluation of a low-cost tool for skin temperature measurements as a proxy to assess autonomic nerve function in leprosy neuropathy
Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one Jg. 20; H. 7; S. e0327815 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
Public Library of Science
11.07.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research aims to explore whether low-cost infrared (IR) video thermography can be used as an ANF assessment tool by measuring the skin temperature response (STR) of human hands before, and after applying a cold pressor test (CPT). A protocol was defined to perform a baseline measurement, apply CPT, and record the resulting STR curve during 15 minutes. An IR video camera connected to a mobile phone was selected as sensor. A setup was developed to immobilize the position of the hands and fingers relative to the camera. A Python script was developed to extract the hand palm skin temperature STR curve from an IR video for 12 ulnar and median innervated regions of interest (ROI) in 1s intervals. A Matlab script was developed to post-process the raw temperature data into filtered data. This data is used to calculate key metrics that describe the STR curve. This approach was evaluated on technical accuracy and precision by comparing IR data for 3 cameras to a reference sensor. The variability caused by the observer analyzing the data was studied by analyzing the same video 5 times by 2 observers. The subject variability was studied by enrolling 7 subjects into a pilot, testing them daily for 5 consecutive days. The results show a high mean Interclass correlation of 0.94 between the 3 IR cameras and the reference sensor. Bland-Altman plots show a mean accuracy of +0.090°C between the cameras and the reference, and a variation between −1.30 and +1.50°C. High agreement was shown between observers analyzing the data. The pilot test showed high variability in STR curve within subjects. Although the general shape of the STR was similar, the location of the steep increase in recovery varied strongly within and between subjects. This study shows that a low-cost, portable IR camera can be used to measure STR of human hands after CPT. A pilot study showed high subject variability for repeated testing of the STR curve. Future research is needed to establish its value in assessing ANF in leprosy patients or other systemic and local neuropathies and traumatic nerve conditions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research aims to explore whether low-cost infrared (IR) video thermography can be used as an ANF assessment tool by measuring the skin temperature response (STR) of human hands before, and after applying a cold pressor test (CPT). A protocol was defined to perform a baseline measurement, apply CPT, and record the resulting STR curve during 15 minutes. An IR video camera connected to a mobile phone was selected as sensor. A setup was developed to immobilize the position of the hands and fingers relative to the camera. A Python script was developed to extract the hand palm skin temperature STR curve from an IR video for 12 ulnar and median innervated regions of interest (ROI) in 1s intervals. A Matlab script was developed to post-process the raw temperature data into filtered data. This data is used to calculate key metrics that describe the STR curve. This approach was evaluated on technical accuracy and precision by comparing IR data for 3 cameras to a reference sensor. The variability caused by the observer analyzing the data was studied by analyzing the same video 5 times by 2 observers. The subject variability was studied by enrolling 7 subjects into a pilot, testing them daily for 5 consecutive days. The results show a high mean Interclass correlation of 0.94 between the 3 IR cameras and the reference sensor. Bland-Altman plots show a mean accuracy of +0.090°C between the cameras and the reference, and a variation between −1.30 and +1.50°C. High agreement was shown between observers analyzing the data. The pilot test showed high variability in STR curve within subjects. Although the general shape of the STR was similar, the location of the steep increase in recovery varied strongly within and between subjects. This study shows that a low-cost, portable IR camera can be used to measure STR of human hands after CPT. A pilot study showed high subject variability for repeated testing of the STR curve. Future research is needed to establish its value in assessing ANF in leprosy patients or other systemic and local neuropathies and traumatic nerve conditions. Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research aims to explore whether low-cost infrared (IR) video thermography can be used as an ANF assessment tool by measuring the skin temperature response (STR) of human hands before, and after applying a cold pressor test (CPT). A protocol was defined to perform a baseline measurement, apply CPT, and record the resulting STR curve during 15 minutes. An IR video camera connected to a mobile phone was selected as sensor. A setup was developed to immobilize the position of the hands and fingers relative to the camera. A Python script was developed to extract the hand palm skin temperature STR curve from an IR video for 12 ulnar and median innervated regions of interest (ROI) in 1s intervals. A Matlab script was developed to post-process the raw temperature data into filtered data. This data is used to calculate key metrics that describe the STR curve. This approach was evaluated on technical accuracy and precision by comparing IR data for 3 cameras to a reference sensor. The variability caused by the observer analyzing the data was studied by analyzing the same video 5 times by 2 observers. The subject variability was studied by enrolling 7 subjects into a pilot, testing them daily for 5 consecutive days. The results show a high mean Interclass correlation of 0.94 between the 3 IR cameras and the reference sensor. Bland-Altman plots show a mean accuracy of +0.090°C between the cameras and the reference, and a variation between -1.30 and +1.50°C. High agreement was shown between observers analyzing the data. The pilot test showed high variability in STR curve within subjects. Although the general shape of the STR was similar, the location of the steep increase in recovery varied strongly within and between subjects. This study shows that a low-cost, portable IR camera can be used to measure STR of human hands after CPT. A pilot study showed high subject variability for repeated testing of the STR curve. Future research is needed to establish its value in assessing ANF in leprosy patients or other systemic and local neuropathies and traumatic nerve conditions.Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research aims to explore whether low-cost infrared (IR) video thermography can be used as an ANF assessment tool by measuring the skin temperature response (STR) of human hands before, and after applying a cold pressor test (CPT). A protocol was defined to perform a baseline measurement, apply CPT, and record the resulting STR curve during 15 minutes. An IR video camera connected to a mobile phone was selected as sensor. A setup was developed to immobilize the position of the hands and fingers relative to the camera. A Python script was developed to extract the hand palm skin temperature STR curve from an IR video for 12 ulnar and median innervated regions of interest (ROI) in 1s intervals. A Matlab script was developed to post-process the raw temperature data into filtered data. This data is used to calculate key metrics that describe the STR curve. This approach was evaluated on technical accuracy and precision by comparing IR data for 3 cameras to a reference sensor. The variability caused by the observer analyzing the data was studied by analyzing the same video 5 times by 2 observers. The subject variability was studied by enrolling 7 subjects into a pilot, testing them daily for 5 consecutive days. The results show a high mean Interclass correlation of 0.94 between the 3 IR cameras and the reference sensor. Bland-Altman plots show a mean accuracy of +0.090°C between the cameras and the reference, and a variation between -1.30 and +1.50°C. High agreement was shown between observers analyzing the data. The pilot test showed high variability in STR curve within subjects. Although the general shape of the STR was similar, the location of the steep increase in recovery varied strongly within and between subjects. This study shows that a low-cost, portable IR camera can be used to measure STR of human hands after CPT. A pilot study showed high subject variability for repeated testing of the STR curve. Future research is needed to establish its value in assessing ANF in leprosy patients or other systemic and local neuropathies and traumatic nerve conditions. Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy, hardly any ANF assessment methods are used in current practice. Skin temperature could be a proxy measure to assess ANF. Therefore, this research aims to explore whether low-cost infrared (IR) video thermography can be used as an ANF assessment tool by measuring the skin temperature response (STR) of human hands before, and after applying a cold pressor test (CPT). A protocol was defined to perform a baseline measurement, apply CPT, and record the resulting STR curve during 15 minutes. An IR video camera connected to a mobile phone was selected as sensor. A setup was developed to immobilize the position of the hands and fingers relative to the camera. A Python script was developed to extract the hand palm skin temperature STR curve from an IR video for 12 ulnar and median innervated regions of interest (ROI) in 1s intervals. A Matlab script was developed to post-process the raw temperature data into filtered data. This data is used to calculate key metrics that describe the STR curve. This approach was evaluated on technical accuracy and precision by comparing IR data for 3 cameras to a reference sensor. The variability caused by the observer analyzing the data was studied by analyzing the same video 5 times by 2 observers. The subject variability was studied by enrolling 7 subjects into a pilot, testing them daily for 5 consecutive days. The results show a high mean Interclass correlation of 0.94 between the 3 IR cameras and the reference sensor. Bland-Altman plots show a mean accuracy of +0.090°C between the cameras and the reference, and a variation between -1.30 and +1.50°C. High agreement was shown between observers analyzing the data. The pilot test showed high variability in STR curve within subjects. Although the general shape of the STR was similar, the location of the steep increase in recovery varied strongly within and between subjects. This study shows that a low-cost, portable IR camera can be used to measure STR of human hands after CPT. A pilot study showed high subject variability for repeated testing of the STR curve. Future research is needed to establish its value in assessing ANF in leprosy patients or other systemic and local neuropathies and traumatic nerve conditions. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Brandsma, Wim van den Bogaert, Fleur Kuipers, Alexander Dankelman, Jenny Roelofs, Lieke Knulst-Verlaan, Corine Maharjan, Suraj Knulst, Arjan J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Arjan J. orcidid: 0000-0002-3610-0877 surname: Knulst fullname: Knulst, Arjan J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Fleur surname: van den Bogaert fullname: van den Bogaert, Fleur – sequence: 3 givenname: Alexander surname: Kuipers fullname: Kuipers, Alexander – sequence: 4 givenname: Lieke surname: Roelofs fullname: Roelofs, Lieke – sequence: 5 givenname: Jenny orcidid: 0000-0003-3951-2129 surname: Dankelman fullname: Dankelman, Jenny – sequence: 6 givenname: Wim surname: Brandsma fullname: Brandsma, Wim – sequence: 7 givenname: Corine orcidid: 0000-0002-2463-2825 surname: Knulst-Verlaan fullname: Knulst-Verlaan, Corine – sequence: 8 givenname: Suraj surname: Maharjan fullname: Maharjan, Suraj |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40644456$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNk9tu3CAQhq0qVXNo36BqkSpV7YW32BgMl1HUw0qRUvV0izAedp1i4wJOs2_RRy6bdaJslYsKJOzhm_lhmDnODgY3QJY9L_CiIHXx7tJNflB2MSbzApOy5gV9lB0VgpQ5KzE5uPd9mB2HcIkxJZyxJ9lhhVlVVZQdZX8-e8i17YZOK4vgStlJxc4NyBmkkHW_c-1CRNE5i4zzKPzsBhShH8GrOHlAPaiQ1h6GGJBKE43eXW-SR_oLEJJlim5wfafRAP4KkJkGfSORIllIdNikncm7UcX15mn22Cgb4Nm8nmTfP7z_dvYpP7_4uDw7Pc815TzmAkzFGC21MFyR2hRtgzkWBCtaqQIXlDUa2roUghsKdVPVgjPeYiUM4RRacpK93MUdrQtyTmaQpCxFxcuaFolY7ojWqUs5-q5XfiOd6uSNwfmVVD522oI0hBrFeYFNxStKk5QusWC8YbgoG45TrDezmne_JghR9l3QYK0awE07WYoxrkVCX_2DPny4mVqppN8NxkWv9DaoPOVVTUTNGUnU4gEqjRbSe6TCMV2y7zm83XNITITruFJTCHL59cv_sxc_9tnX99g1KBvXwdlpWwdhH3wx335qemjv0n5bsQmodoBOhRM8mDukwHLbGLfpktvGkHNjkL-twf-A |
| Cites_doi | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000212 10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.006 10.1136/jnnp.54.11.965 10.1177/193229681300700504 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.032 10.47276/lr.85.1.29 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.08.007 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164612 10.1002/dmrr.3429 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12425-3 10.1002/1097-4598(200007)23:7<1105::AID-MUS14>3.0.CO;2-A 10.6061/clinics/2012(12)12 10.47276/lr.76.1.14 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8 10.47276/lr.94.4.299 10.1186/s40249-017-0330-2 10.47276/lr.92.1.38 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5218 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright: © 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2025 Public Library of Science 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright: © 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 Public Library of Science – notice: 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM IOV ISR 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7RV 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M7N M7P M7S NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY RC3 7X8 DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0327815 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Biotechnology Research Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Database Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection Biological Sciences Agricultural Science Database Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Agricultural Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE Agricultural Science Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) |
| EISSN | 1932-6203 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 3229482751 oai_doaj_org_article_f35fa8810f48455986c20968b6012b80 A847397863 40644456 10_1371_journal_pone_0327815 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Nepal |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Nepal |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 88E 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABJCF ABUWG ACCTH ACGFO ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS APEBS ARAPS ATCPS BAIFH BAWUL BBNVY BBTPI BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKEYQ BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I D1J D1K DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EMOBN ESX EX3 F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO IEA IGS IHR IHW INH INR IOV IPY ISE ISR ITC K6- KB. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M0K M1P M48 M7P M7R M7S M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P P62 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS PV9 PYCSY RNS RPM RZL SV3 TR2 UKHRP WOQ WOW ~02 ~KM ADRAZ ALIPV CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF IPNFZ NPM RIG 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO ESTFP FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. KL. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c588t-9ef46652c9f8a37f1db080930a54a10156bced72998f5e7b479868d0a9f385ed3 |
| IEDL.DBID | FPL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001531381300004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| IngestDate | Sat Oct 11 23:50:24 EDT 2025 Mon Nov 10 04:28:25 EST 2025 Fri Sep 05 15:40:58 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:54:42 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 13:45:58 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 10:29:54 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 10:45:05 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 10:45:04 EST 2025 Tue Jul 29 02:10:26 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:04:56 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:44:06 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7 |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright: © 2025 Knulst et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c588t-9ef46652c9f8a37f1db080930a54a10156bced72998f5e7b479868d0a9f385ed3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3951-2129 0000-0002-2463-2825 0000-0002-3610-0877 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327815 |
| PMID | 40644456 |
| PQID | 3229482751 |
| PQPubID | 1436336 |
| PageCount | e0327815 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_3229482751 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_f35fa8810f48455986c20968b6012b80 proquest_miscellaneous_3229500079 proquest_journals_3229482751 gale_infotracmisc_A847397863 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A847397863 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A847397863 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A847397863 gale_healthsolutions_A847397863 pubmed_primary_40644456 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0327815 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20250711 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-07-11 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2025 text: 20250711 day: 11 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco |
| PublicationTitle | PloS one |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS One |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | I Wagenaar (pone.0327815.ref010) 2017; 6 MSK Paul (pone.0327815.ref001) n.d WH van Brakel (pone.0327815.ref015) 2005; 76 W Brandsma (pone.0327815.ref008) 2021; 92 LAR Froes (pone.0327815.ref002) 2022; 97 RFM van Doremalen (pone.0327815.ref022) 2019; 149 EPV Wilder-Smith (pone.0327815.ref012) 2015; 126 pone.0327815.ref009 JS Beck (pone.0327815.ref014) 1991; 54 NC Abbot (pone.0327815.ref013) 1996; 206 EFP Sabino (pone.0327815.ref020) 2023; 94 W Brandsma (pone.0327815.ref007) 1981; 52 WH van Brakel (pone.0327815.ref016) 2008; 2 JJ van Netten (pone.0327815.ref019) 2013; 7 WHO (pone.0327815.ref003) 2023 B Kumar (pone.0327815.ref005) 2016 LF Balbinot (pone.0327815.ref021) 2012; 67 LC Rodrigues (pone.0327815.ref004) 2011; 11 AL Cavalheiro (pone.0327815.ref017) 2016; 91 EPV Wilder-Smith (pone.0327815.ref011) 2000; 23 JW Brandsma (pone.0327815.ref006) 2014; 85 Q Zhou (pone.0327815.ref018) 2021; 37 M Horikoshi (pone.0327815.ref023) 2016; 55 |
| References_xml | – volume: 2 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: pone.0327815.ref016 article-title: Early diagnosis of neuropathy in leprosy--comparing diagnostic tests in a large prospective study (the INFIR cohort study) publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000212 – volume: 97 start-page: 338 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: pone.0327815.ref002 article-title: Leprosy: clinical and immunopathological characteristics publication-title: An Bras Dermatol doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.006 – volume: 54 start-page: 965 issue: 11 year: 1991 ident: pone.0327815.ref014 article-title: Impairment of vasomotor reflexes in the fingertips of leprosy patients publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry doi: 10.1136/jnnp.54.11.965 – volume: 7 start-page: 1122 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: pone.0327815.ref019 article-title: Infrared thermal imaging for automated detection of diabetic foot complications publication-title: J Diabetes Sci Technol doi: 10.1177/193229681300700504 – volume: 149 start-page: 132 year: 2019 ident: pone.0327815.ref022 article-title: Validation of low-cost smartphone-based thermal camera for diabetic foot assessment publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.032 – volume: 85 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: pone.0327815.ref006 article-title: Reliability of clinical nerve function assessment in peripheral neuropathies publication-title: Leprosy doi: 10.47276/lr.85.1.29 – volume: 126 start-page: 10 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: pone.0327815.ref012 article-title: Stimulated skin wrinkling as an indicator of limb sympathetic function publication-title: Clin Neurophysiol doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.08.007 – volume: 91 start-page: 274 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: pone.0327815.ref017 article-title: Thermographic analysis and autonomic response in the hands of patients with leprosy publication-title: An Bras Dermatol doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164612 – volume: 37 issue: 7 year: 2021 ident: pone.0327815.ref018 article-title: Early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on infrared thermal imaging technology publication-title: Diabetes Metab Res Rev doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3429 – volume: 206 start-page: 57 issue: 1 year: 1996 ident: pone.0327815.ref013 article-title: Sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction in leprosy patients: comparison with electrophysiological measurement and qualitative sensation testing publication-title: Neurosci Lett doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12425-3 – volume: 23 start-page: 1105 issue: 7 year: 2000 ident: pone.0327815.ref011 article-title: Skin and muscle vasomotor reflexes in detecting autonomic dysfunction in leprosy publication-title: Muscle Nerve doi: 10.1002/1097-4598(200007)23:7<1105::AID-MUS14>3.0.CO;2-A – volume: 67 start-page: 1419 issue: 12 year: 2012 ident: pone.0327815.ref021 article-title: Plantar thermography is useful in the early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy publication-title: Clinics (Sao Paulo) doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(12)12 – volume: 76 start-page: 14 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: pone.0327815.ref015 article-title: The INFIR Cohort Study: investigating prediction, detection and pathogenesis of neuropathy and reactions in leprosy. Methods and baseline results of a cohort of multibacillary leprosy patients in North India publication-title: Leprosy doi: 10.47276/lr.76.1.14 – volume: 52 start-page: 161 issue: 2 year: 1981 ident: pone.0327815.ref007 article-title: Basic nerve function assessment in leprosy patients publication-title: Lepr Rev – ident: pone.0327815.ref009 – volume: 11 start-page: 464 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: pone.0327815.ref004 article-title: Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8 – volume: 94 start-page: 299 issue: 4 year: 2023 ident: pone.0327815.ref020 article-title: Evaluation of skin temperature in the hands of leprosy patients to detect peripheral autonomic dysfunction, by infrared thermography publication-title: Leprosy doi: 10.47276/lr.94.4.299 – volume-title: Clinical diagnosis of leprosy. International textbook of leprosy year: 2016 ident: pone.0327815.ref005 – year: 2023 ident: pone.0327815.ref003 – volume: 6 start-page: 115 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: pone.0327815.ref010 article-title: Early detection of neuropathy in leprosy: a comparison of five tests for field settings publication-title: Infect Dis Poverty doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0330-2 – volume: 92 start-page: 38 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: pone.0327815.ref008 article-title: Pure neural leprosy—Mind the diagnosis publication-title: Leprosy doi: 10.47276/lr.92.1.38 – volume: 55 start-page: 461 issue: 5 year: 2016 ident: pone.0327815.ref023 article-title: Thermal disparity between fingers after cold-water immersion of hands: a useful indicator of disturbed peripheral circulation in raynaud phenomenon patients publication-title: Intern Med doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5218 – year: n.d ident: pone.0327815.ref001 article-title: Physical rehabilitation in leprosy publication-title: Phys Rehabil |
| SSID | ssj0053866 |
| Score | 2.4880953 |
| Snippet | Peripheral autonomic nerve function (ANF) impairment (ANFI) can be one of the first indicators for leprosy or leprosy neuropathy. However, within leprosy,... |
| SourceID | plos doaj proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | e0327815 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Autonomic nervous system Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology Cameras Cold Complications and side effects Data analysis Diagnosis Evaluation Female Fingers Hand (anatomy) Hand - innervation Hands Humans Infrared Rays Leprosy Leprosy - complications Leprosy - physiopathology Low cost Male Medical thermography Middle Aged Nerves Neuropathy Observers Peripheral nerve diseases Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - diagnosis Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology Peripheral neuropathy Risk factors Skin Skin temperature Skin Temperature - physiology Temperature Temperature data Temperature measurement Thermography Thermography - economics Thermography - methods User interface Variability |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELbQigMXRHk1UMAgJOCQNg87to8FUcGlVLzUm-U4NqpYktUmC-q_4Ccz4zhpVwLBAWkvWU-ym3nYn5OZbwh5WgNKtkVlUiN9nTLmbWp8bdKKIdm3ZTAlNqHZhDg-lqen6uRSqy_MCRvpgUfFHfiSeyNlnnkmWWATtwXAblnDTqKoZditZ0JNm6lxDoYorqpYKFeK_CDaZX_VtW4_KwshsQ3upYUo8PXPs_Jitez6P0POsPQc3SDXI2akh-N_3SFXXHuT7MSo7OnzSB394hb5ebJ26VTsSC-YvGnnqaHL7kdqu36gQ9ctKaBV2n89aymyU0VqZfrt4pFhTw18aMhzgTPgCF8PU7MZxlJm2mKyJMWFMfwEXGnpQLo_p4EkE3sdn98mn45ef3z1Jo09F1LLpRxS5TyrKl5Y5aUphc-bGjClKjPDmcmx7rq2rgFErqTnTtRMgEVkkxnlS8ldU94hixa0vEuoKWrBmMuU4wBTSmWErXzhCqy_rzjnCUknA-jVSK2hw_s1AVuSUbMaDaajwRLyEq00yyIxdvgC3EVHd9F_c5eEPEIb67HKdA5vfQirNEAzWZUJeRIkkByjxeybL2bT9_rtu8__IPTh_ZbQsyjku2FtrIkVD3BPSLq1Jbm3JQkhbreGd9EjJ630GmZhhfytPIczJy_9_fDjeRgvihl1res2oww2wxAqIXdH7541CyCPMUDW9_6Hxu-Ta2hyfB6e53tkMaw37gG5ar8PZ_36YQjbX0LcRXM priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database dbid: 7RV link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LbxMxELYgcOAClEcbKGAQEnBwuw_v2j6hgqjgUqoCVW8rr9euKsJuiDeg_gt-MjNeb0okQEhIuSSedRLPw58f8w0hT2tAySYrNdPS1YxzZ5h2tWYlR7JvwyEkNqHYhDg4kCcn6jBuuPl4rXKMiSFQN53BPfJdMDyFlJVF-nL-lWHVKDxdjSU0LpMrKWJjsGdxdDxGYvDlsozpcrlId6N2duZda3eSPBMSi-H-Mh0F1v5VbJ7MZ53_M_AME9D-jf_96TfJ9Qg96d5gKxvkkm1vkY3o3J4-jwzUL26TH4cLy8acSXpBCE47RzWddd-Z6XxP-66bUQC91H8-aymSXEWGZvrlYufRUw0vGq7LwBPwDk-ZqV72Q0Y0bfHOJcX5NXwF9DSzIO3PaeDaxJLJ53fIp_03H1-_ZbF0AzOFlD1T1vGyLDKjnNS5cGlTAzRVeaILrlNM366NbQDYK-kKK2oulCxlk2jlclnYJr9LJi2oaYtQndWCc5soWwDayZUWpnSZzTCNvyyKYkrYqMFqPjB0VOGYTsDKZhjZCjVeRY1PyStU80oW-bXDB93itIruWrm8cFrKNHFc8sBhbzJY7Mka1q9ZLZMpeYRGUg3JqqsoUe3BZA8IT5b5lDwJEsix0eIlnlO99L569_74H4Q-HK0JPYtCrusX2uiYOAH_Cbm71iS31yQhUpi15i006XFUfHVhmPDkaLq_b368asZO8WJea7vlIIM1NYSaks3BPVYjC1iRcwDo9_7e-X1yDZWJG-Zpuk0m_WJpH5Cr5lt_5hcPg0f_BMqWVVc priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Pre-clinical evaluation of a low-cost tool for skin temperature measurements as a proxy to assess autonomic nerve function in leprosy neuropathy |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40644456 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229482751 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229500079 https://doaj.org/article/f35fa8810f48455986c20968b6012b80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327815 |
| Volume | 20 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001531381300004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: AAdvanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (subscription) customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Agricultural Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M0K dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Materials Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: KB. dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20061201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVATS databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1932-6203 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0053866 issn: 1932-6203 databaseCode: FPL dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/ providerName: Public Library of Science |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELeg44EXYHytMIpBSMBDSj7s2Hlcp1VMYyXqYNp4iRzXRhMlqZoUtP-CP5k7J21VRCWQqpMan_Nx9p3vbN_PhLzKwUvWYaw8JW3uMWa1p2yuvJgh2LdmYBIn7rAJMRrJi4skXQeKf6zgRyJ418q0PysL0_ejUEjMKd8JozjGYGuYflhaXtDdOG7T47bV3Bh-HEr_yhZ3ZtOy2u5ougFnePd_X_UeudO6lvSg6Qu75IYp7pPdVnkr-qZFmH77gPxK58Zb5kTSNeA3LS1VdFr-9HRZ1bQuyykFp5ZW364KiiBWLQIz_b6eWayogh9122GgBvzDVWSqFnWT8UwL3FNJcfx0j4A7TQ1wV9fUYWnikcjXD8nn4dGnw_deezSDp7mUtZcYy-KYhzqxUkXCBpMcXM8k8hVnKsD07FybCTjuibTciJyJRMZy4qvERpKbSfSIdAqQ0h6hKswFY8ZPDAdvJkqU0LENTYhp-jHnvEu8ZYtlswaBI3PLcAIil0ayGQo8awXeJQNs1hUv4me7C9BSWauOmY24VVIGvmWSOYx6HUIwJ3OIT8Nc-l3yHDtF1iSjrqxAdgCDOXhwMo665KXjQAyNAjfpfFWLqsqOP57_A9PZeIPpdctky3qutGoTI-CbEJtrg3N_gxMsgd4o3sMuvJRKlYGxThDmlQdQc9mt_178YlWMN8WNd4UpFw0Pnpkhki553KjDSrLgCzIGDviT7c99Sm5jQ-JkeBDsk049X5hn5Jb-UV9V8x65KcbnSC-EoxKoPAx6ZGdwNErHPTdB0nM6DvRk0Ad66p8gFamjZ0BT_gVqpMen6eVv-2BQFw |
| linkProvider | Public Library of Science |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEF6VgAQXoLxqKHRBIODg1o9de31AqDyqRi0hogVVXMx6vVtVBDvEDlX-Bb-E38jM2k6IBIhLD0i5JDteK-OZ2W-9M98Q8jADlKyCSLpSmMxlzChXmky6EUOyb8UgJOa22UQ8GIijo2S4Qn50tTCYVtnFRBuo81LhO_ItMLwEKSu5_3z81cWuUXi62rXQaMxiT89OYctWPeu_guf7KAh2Xh--3HXbrgKu4kLUbqINiyIeqMQIGcbGzzNATUnoSc6kj5XFmdI5YM5EGK7jjMWJiETuycSEgus8hHnPkfOMBR560ZB_7CI_xI4oasvzwtjfaq1hc1wWetMLg1hg891flj_bJWC-FvTGo7L6M9C1C97Olf9NVVfJ5RZa0-3GF1bJii6ukdU2eFX0Scuw_fQ6-T6caLerCaULwnNaGirpqDx1VVnVtC7LEQVQT6vPJwVFEq-WgZp-WbxZraiED7XpQHAFfMNTdCqndVPxTQvMKaWIH-wtYKaRBulqRi2XKLaEnt0g789EMzdJrwCzWCNUBlnMmPYSzQHNhYmMVWQCHSBNQcQ5d4jbWUw6bhhIUnsMGcPOrdFsihaWthbmkBdoVnNZ5A-3P5ST47QNR6kJuZFC-J5hglmOfgXmHIkM9udBJjyHbKBRpk0x7jwKptsAZgDBiih0yAMrgRwiBSYpHctpVaX9tx_-Qejg3ZLQ41bIlPVEKtkWhsB_Qm6yJcn1JUmIhGppeA1dqNNKlS4cAa7sXOX3w_fnwzgpJh4Wupw2MtgzJE4ccqtxx7lmAQszBhuQ23-ffINc3D18s5_u9wd7d8glfLB4OOD766RXT6b6LrmgvtUn1eSejSaUfDprn_wJjyyxVw |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lj9MwELaWghAXYHltYWENAgGHbPOwE-eA0MJSUS0qFS-tuATHtVcrSlKalFX_Bb-HX8eM47RUAsRlD0i9tJ44qjMz_iae-YaQ-zmgZBXG0pPC5B5jRnnS5NKLGZJ9KwYucWybTSTDoTg8TEcb5EdbC4Npla1PtI56XCp8R94DxUuRspIHPePSIkb7_afTrx52kMKT1radRqMiB3pxAuFb9WSwD8_6QRj2X7x7_tJzHQY8xYWovVQbFsc8VKkRMkpMMM4BQaWRLzmTAVYZ50qPAX-mwnCd5CxJRSzGvkxNJLgeRzDvGXI2gRgT0wlH_GO7C4AfiWNXqhclQc9pxu60LPSuH4WJwEa8v2yFtmPAcl_oTCdl9WfQaze__qX_edkuk4sOctO9xkY2yYYurpBN59Qq-sgxbz--Sr6PZtpra0XpigidloZKOilPPFVWNa3LckIB7NPq83FBkdzLMVPTL6s3rhWV8KE2TQiugG94uk7lvG4qwWmBuaYUcYW9Bcw00SBdLajlGMVW0Ytr5P2prMx10ilARbYIlWGeMKb9VHNAeVEqExWbUIdIXxBzzrvEa7UnmzbMJJk9nkwgomtWNkNty5y2dckzVLGlLPKK2x_K2VHm3FRmIm6kEIFvmGCWu1-FEOSKHOL2MBd-l-yggmZNke7SO2Z7AHIA2Yo46pJ7VgK5RQpUtyM5r6ps8PrDPwi9fbMm9NAJmbKeSSVdwQj8J-QsW5PcXpMED6nWhrfQnNpVqbKVUcCVrdn8fvjuchgnxYTEQpfzRgZ7iSRpl9xoTHO5soCRGYPA5ObfJ98h58EUs1eD4cEtcgGfK54ZBME26dSzub5Nzqlv9XE1u2MdCyWfTtskfwKJ2roh |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pre-clinical+evaluation+of+a+low-cost+tool+for+skin+temperature+measurements+as+a+proxy+to+assess+autonomic+nerve+function+in+leprosy+neuropathy&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Knulst%2C+Arjan+J&rft.au=van+den+Bogaert%2C+Fleur&rft.au=Kuipers%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Roelofs%2C+Lieke&rft.date=2025-07-11&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0327815&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0327815&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |