Effect of impact exercise and its intensity on bone geometry at weight-bearing tibia and femur

Physical activity is known to enhance the mechanical competence of bone. However, information about the optimal type of exercise is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of jumping exercise to changes in bone geometry. We carried out a 12-month population-based trial with 1...

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Vydáno v:Bone (New York, N.Y.) Ročník 40; číslo 3; s. 604 - 611
Hlavní autoři: Vainionpää, Aki, Korpelainen, Raija, Sievänen, Harri, Vihriälä, Erkki, Leppäluoto, Juhani, Jämsä, Timo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.03.2007
Elsevier Science
Témata:
Accelerometer
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Bone
Clinical trial
Diseases of the osteoarticular system
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Female
Femur - anatomy & histology
Femur - physiology
Humans
Mechanical loading
Medical sciences
Orthopedics
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease
Stress, Mechanical
Tibia - anatomy & histology
Tibia - physiology
Tomography, Spiral Computed
Accelerometer
Osteoporosis
Clinical trial
Exercise
Bone
Mechanical loading
Physical exercise
Femur
Intensity
Diseases of the osteoarticular system
Helical computed tomography
Geometry
Tibia
Medical imagery
Skeleton
ISSN:8756-3282, 1873-2763
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Shrnutí:Physical activity is known to enhance the mechanical competence of bone. However, information about the optimal type of exercise is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of jumping exercise to changes in bone geometry. We carried out a 12-month population-based trial with 120 women (aged 35–40 years), randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a control group. The exercise regimen consisted of supervised, progressive high-impact exercises three times per week and an additional home program. The intensity of impact loading was assessed as the magnitude of acceleration peaks using an accelerometer-based body movement monitor. The activity was analyzed as the daily number of impacts within five acceleration ranges (0.3–1.0 g, 1.1–2.4 g, 2.5–3.8 g, 3.9–5.3 g and 5.4–9.2 g; g = acceleration of gravity, 9.81 m/s 2). Bone geometry was assessed with spiral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scanner at mid-femur, proximal tibia and distal tibia. Thirty-nine women (65%) in the exercise group and 41 women (68%) in the control group completed the study. QCT and physical activity data were available from 65 subjects. The exercise group showed a significant 0.2% ( p = 0.033) higher gain in bone circumference compared to the control group at mid-femur. Subgroup analyses revealed geometric changes indicating up to a 2.5% increment in bone strength in favor of the most active exercisers (> 66 exercise sessions during the 12 months) compared to the least active exercisers (< 19 sessions). In pooled groups, the changes in cortical attenuation and cross-sectional moment of inertia correlated positively ( p < 0.05– p < 0.01) with the number of impacts exceeding 1.1 g, while changes in cortical thickness ( p < 0.05) and bone circumference ( p < 0.05– p < 0.01) were positively associated with impacts 3.9 g, or more. The number and intensity of impacts during the 12 months were the most significant predictors of changes in bone geometry explaining up to 36% of changes. Bone geometry adapts to impact exercise and the adaptation is most marked at the mid-femur. The changes in bone geometry are associated with the number and intensity of daily impacts while the redistribution of bone mineral appears to be the main mechanism in the skeletal adaptation to varying intensities of exercise.
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ISSN:8756-3282
1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.005