Winter warming effects on tundra shrub performance are species-specific and dependent on spring conditions
1. Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of ecology Jg. 106; H. 2; S. 599 - 612 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Oxford
John Wiley & Sons Ltd
01.03.2018
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley |
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| ISSN: | 0022-0477, 1365-2745, 1365-2745 |
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| Abstract | 1. Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species-specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. 2. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing-season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non-sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non-sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. 3. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species-specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green-up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. 4. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far-reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species-specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing-season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non-sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non-sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species-specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green-up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far-reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species-specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing-season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non-sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non-sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species-specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green-up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far-reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. Climate change‐driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species‐specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing‐season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non‐sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non‐sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species‐specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green‐up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum . Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea by c . 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth ( p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. Synthesis . In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far‐reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. Climate change‐driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species‐specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing‐season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non‐sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non‐sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species‐specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green‐up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far‐reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour Empetrum nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far‐reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. 1. Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species-specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. 2. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing-season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non-sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non-sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. 3. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species-specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green-up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. 4. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far-reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance. |
| Author | Krab, Eveline J. Roennefarth, Jonas Dorrepaal, Ellen Keuper, Frida Kreyling, Juergen Becher, Marina Klaminder, Jonatan Milbau, Ann Blume-Werry, Gesche Makoto, Kobayashi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eveline J. surname: Krab fullname: Krab, Eveline J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Jonas surname: Roennefarth fullname: Roennefarth, Jonas – sequence: 3 givenname: Marina surname: Becher fullname: Becher, Marina – sequence: 4 givenname: Frida surname: Keuper fullname: Keuper, Frida – sequence: 5 givenname: Jonatan surname: Klaminder fullname: Klaminder, Jonatan – sequence: 6 givenname: Gesche surname: Blume-Werry fullname: Blume-Werry, Gesche – sequence: 7 givenname: Juergen surname: Kreyling fullname: Kreyling, Juergen – sequence: 8 givenname: Kobayashi surname: Makoto fullname: Makoto, Kobayashi – sequence: 9 givenname: Ann surname: Milbau fullname: Milbau, Ann – sequence: 10 givenname: Ellen surname: Dorrepaal fullname: Dorrepaal, Ellen |
| BackLink | https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623639$$DView record in HAL https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145370$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Umeå universitet) https://res.slu.se/id/publ/94281$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet) |
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| Keywords | winter climate change snowmelt timing plant phenology Betula nana snow cover shrubs Empetrum nigrum Vaccinium vitis-idaea spring climate cryoturbation |
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| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | March 2018 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2018 text: March 2018 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford |
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| PublicationTitle | The Journal of ecology |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons Ltd Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley |
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| Snippet | 1. Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and... Climate change‐driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and... Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Arctic region Autumn Barren lands Betula nana biomass canopy Carbon cycle Cascading Climate change Climate effects Community composition community structure Composition effects cryoturbation Ecological function Ecology Ecosystem assessment Ekologi Empetrum nigrum Environmental Sciences fleece Frost Frost damage frost injury Gardening growing season Growth leaves Life Sciences Mineral nutrients Nutrient availability phenology Plant cover plant phenology Plant-climate interactions Shrubs Snow Snow cover Snowmelt snowmelt ming snowmelt timing snowpack Soil Soil temperature Species Spring Spring (season) spring climate Taiga & tundra Tundra Vaccinium vitis-idaea Vegetal Biology Winter winter climate change |
| Title | Winter warming effects on tundra shrub performance are species-specific and dependent on spring conditions |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/45029087 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2F1365-2745.12872 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2001256397 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2053893995 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623639 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145370 https://res.slu.se/id/publ/94281 |
| Volume | 106 |
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