Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occur...
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| Vydáno v: | Nature (London) Ročník 549; číslo 7670; s. 43 - 47 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
07.09.2017
Nature Publishing Group |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD—a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks.
Decoy-state quantum key distribution from a satellite to a ground station is achieved with much greater efficiency than is possible over the same distance using optical fibres.
Quantum security in orbit
The laws of quantum physics give rise to protocols for ultra-secure cryptography and quantum communications. However, to be useful in a global network, these protocols will have to function with satellites. Extending existing protocols to such long distances poses a tremendous experimental challenge. Researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan present a pair of papers in this issue that take steps toward a global quantum network, using the low-Earth-orbit satellite Micius. They demonstrate satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution, an integral part of quantum cryptosystems, at kilohertz rates over 1,200 kilometres, and report quantum teleportation of a single-photon qubit over 1,400 kilometres. Quantum teleportation is the transfer of the exact state of a quantum object from one place to another, without physical travelling of the object itself, and is a central process in many quantum communication protocols. These two experiments suggest that Micius could become the first component in a global quantum internet. |
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| AbstractList | Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKDa form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD-a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks.Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD-a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD-a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to globalscale quantum networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD-a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. However, the distance over which QKD is achievable has been limited to a few hundred kilometres, owing to the channel loss that occurs when using optical fibres or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduces the photon transmission rate. Satellite-based QKD has the potential to help to establish a global-scale quantum network, owing to the negligible photon loss and decoherence experienced in empty space. Here we report the development and launch of a low-Earth-orbit satellite for implementing decoy-state QKD—a form of QKD that uses weak coherent pulses at high channel loss and is secure because photon-number-splitting eavesdropping can be detected. We achieve a kilohertz key rate from the satellite to the ground over a distance of up to 1,200 kilometres. This key rate is around 20 orders of magnitudes greater than that expected using an optical fibre of the same length. The establishment of a reliable and efficient space-to-ground link for quantum-state transmission paves the way to global-scale quantum networks. Decoy-state quantum key distribution from a satellite to a ground station is achieved with much greater efficiency than is possible over the same distance using optical fibres. Quantum security in orbit The laws of quantum physics give rise to protocols for ultra-secure cryptography and quantum communications. However, to be useful in a global network, these protocols will have to function with satellites. Extending existing protocols to such long distances poses a tremendous experimental challenge. Researchers led by Jian-Wei Pan present a pair of papers in this issue that take steps toward a global quantum network, using the low-Earth-orbit satellite Micius. They demonstrate satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution, an integral part of quantum cryptosystems, at kilohertz rates over 1,200 kilometres, and report quantum teleportation of a single-photon qubit over 1,400 kilometres. Quantum teleportation is the transfer of the exact state of a quantum object from one place to another, without physical travelling of the object itself, and is a central process in many quantum communication protocols. These two experiments suggest that Micius could become the first component in a global quantum internet. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ma, Lu Yin, Juan Huang, Yong-Mei Peng, Cheng-Zhi Shu, Rong Pan, Jian-Wei Wang, Qiang Wang, Jian-Feng Shen, Qi Zhou, Yi-Lin Xi, Tao Deng, Lei Liu, Wei-Yue Wu, Jin-Cai Hu, Tai Chen, Xia-Wei Liu, Nai-Le Cao, Yuan Li, Feng-Zhi Sun, Li-Hua Zhang, Liang Chen, Yu-Ao Zhang, Qiang Liao, Sheng-Kai Zhu, Zhen-Cai Wang, Jian-Yu Cai, Wen-Qi Jia, Jian-Jun Jiang, Xiao-Jun Li, Zheng-Ping Li, Yang Ren, Ji-Gang Wang, Xiang-Bin Lu, Chao-Yang |
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at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 4 givenname: Liang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Liang organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Yang surname: Li fullname: Li, Yang organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 6 givenname: Ji-Gang surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Ji-Gang organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 7 givenname: Juan surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Juan organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 8 givenname: Qi surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Qi organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 9 givenname: Yuan surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Yuan organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 10 givenname: Zheng-Ping surname: Li fullname: Li, Zheng-Ping organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 11 givenname: Feng-Zhi surname: Li fullname: Li, Feng-Zhi organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 12 givenname: Xia-Wei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xia-Wei organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 13 givenname: Li-Hua surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Li-Hua organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 14 givenname: Jian-Jun surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Jian-Jun organization: Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 15 givenname: Jin-Cai surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Jin-Cai organization: Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 16 givenname: Xiao-Jun surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Xiao-Jun organization: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 17 givenname: Jian-Feng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jian-Feng organization: National 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givenname: Tai surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Tai organization: National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 25 givenname: Qiang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Qiang organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 26 givenname: Yu-Ao surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yu-Ao organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 27 givenname: Nai-Le surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Nai-Le organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 28 givenname: Xiang-Bin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xiang-Bin organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 29 givenname: Zhen-Cai surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Zhen-Cai organization: Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites – sequence: 30 givenname: Chao-Yang surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Chao-Yang organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 31 givenname: Rong surname: Shu fullname: Shu, Rong organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 32 givenname: Cheng-Zhi surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Cheng-Zhi email: pcz@ustc.edu.cn organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 33 givenname: Jian-Yu surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jian-Yu email: jywang@mail.sitp.ac.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 34 givenname: Jian-Wei surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Jian-Wei email: pan@ustc.edu.cn organization: Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825707$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/766/483/3925 639/766/483/481 Atmosphere Channel loss Communication satellites Cryptography Earth orbits Ground stations Humanities and Social Sciences Methods multidisciplinary Optical fibers Optics Quantum cryptography Quantum mechanics Quantum theory Satellite communications Satellite data communications Satellites Science Telescopes |
| Title | Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution |
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