Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy

Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitophagy is promoted via specific mitochondrial outer membrane receptors, or ubiquitin molecules conju...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The EMBO journal Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. e104705 - n/a
Main Authors: Onishi, Mashun, Yamano, Koji, Sato, Miyuki, Matsuda, Noriyuki, Okamoto, Koji
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.02.2021
Springer Nature B.V
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Aging
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Cell differentiation
Congestive heart failure
Differentiation (biology)
EMBO07
Embryogenesis
Embryonic growth stage
Mitochondria
Mitophagy
Molecular modelling
Neurodegeneration
Phagocytosis
Phagosomes
phosphorylation
Physiology
quality and quantity control
Review
Reviews
Ubiquitin
Yeast
autophagy
phosphorylation
mitochondria
quality and quantity control
ubiquitin
ISSN:0261-4189, 1460-2075, 1460-2075
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitophagy is promoted via specific mitochondrial outer membrane receptors, or ubiquitin molecules conjugated to proteins on the mitochondrial surface leading to the formation of autophagosomes surrounding mitochondria. Mitophagy‐mediated elimination of mitochondria plays an important role in many processes including early embryonic development, cell differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent advances in analyzing mitophagy in vivo also reveal high rates of steady‐state mitochondrial turnover in diverse cell types, highlighting the intracellular housekeeping role of mitophagy. Defects in mitophagy are associated with various pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, heart failure, cancer, and aging, further underscoring the biological relevance. Here, we review our current molecular understanding of mitophagy, and its physiological implications, and discuss how multiple mitophagy pathways coordinately modulate mitochondrial fitness and populations. Graphical Abstract This review describes the conserved pathways for mitochondrial degradation via selective autophagy across species, and how multiple mitophagy pathways cooperate to modulate mitochondrial fitness and number in normal or disease physiology.
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See the Glossary for abbreviations used in this article.
These authors contributed equally to this work
ISSN:0261-4189
1460-2075
1460-2075
DOI:10.15252/embj.2020104705