Challenges posed by COVID‐19 to people who inject drugs and lessons from other outbreaks

Introduction In light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, considerable effort is going into identifying and protecting those at risk. Criminalization, stigmatization and the psychological, physical, behavioural and economic consequences of substance use make people who inject drugs (PWID) extremely vulnerable...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of the International AIDS Society Ročník 23; číslo 7; s. e25583 - n/a
Hlavní autoři:	Vasylyeva, Tetyana I, Smyrnov, Pavlo, Strathdee, Steffanie, Friedman, Samuel R
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2020 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Témata:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult AIDS Betacoronavirus Care and treatment Communicable diseases Coronavirus Infections - complications COVID-19 Disease Outbreaks Drug addicts Drug Overdose - epidemiology Drug trafficking Drug use Epidemics Harm reduction Hepatitis Heroin HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - epidemiology Homeless people Homelessness Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Hygiene Ill-Housed Persons - statistics & numerical data Imprisonment inequality Infections infectious disease Infectious diseases Injections - adverse effects Liver diseases Living conditions Male Narcotics outbreak Outbreaks Pandemics Pathogens people who inject drugs Pneumonia, Viral - complications Prevention Prison overcrowding Public health Quarantine Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Sexually transmitted diseases Social aspects Social distancing STD Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications Substance use Tuberculosis United Kingdom Unsafe Sex - statistics & numerical data Viruses United Kingdom Afghanistan Iran United States > US Europe COVID-19 inequality outbreak infectious disease people who inject drugs harm reduction
ISSN:	1758-2652, 1758-2652
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Shrnutí:	Introduction In light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, considerable effort is going into identifying and protecting those at risk. Criminalization, stigmatization and the psychological, physical, behavioural and economic consequences of substance use make people who inject drugs (PWID) extremely vulnerable to many infectious diseases. While relationships between drug use and blood‐borne and sexually transmitted infections are well studied, less attention has been paid to other infectious disease outbreaks among PWID. Discussion COVID‐19 is likely to disproportionally affect PWID due to a high prevalence of comorbidities that make the disease more severe, unsanitary and overcrowded living conditions, stigmatization, common incarceration, homelessness and difficulties in adhering to quarantine, social distancing or self‐isolation mandates. The COVID‐19 pandemic also jeopardizes essential for PWID services, such as needle exchange or substitution therapy programmes, which can be affected both in a short‐ and a long‐term perspective. Importantly, there is substantial evidence of other infectious disease outbreaks in PWID that were associated with factors that enable COVID‐19 transmission, such as poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions and communal ways of using drugs. Conclusions The COVID‐19 crisis might increase risks of homelessnes, overdoses and unsafe injecting and sexual practices for PWID. In order to address existing inequalities, consultations with PWID advocacy groups are vital when designing inclusive health response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Bibliografie:	SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Commentary-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1758-2652 1758-2652
DOI:	10.1002/jia2.25583