Opening a can of worms: unprecedented sympatric cryptic diversity within British lumbricid earthworms

Earthworms play a major role in many aspects of soil fertility, food web ecology and ecosystem functioning, and hence are frequently the subjects of, for example, ecological and toxicological research. Our aim was to examine the genetic structure of common earthworm species, to identify cryptic line...

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Vydáno v:	Molecular ecology Ročník 17; číslo 21; s. 4684 - 4698
Hlavní autoři:	KING, R. ANDREW, TIBBLE, AMY L, SYMONDSON, WILLIAM O.C
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Témata:	16S AFLP Allolobophora chlorotica amplified fragment length polymorphism Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Animals Aporrectodea longa Aporrectodea rosea Biodiversity Biotypes COI color cryptic speciation Cryptic species Cytochrome cytochrome-c oxidase DNA, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics earthworms Ecological function Ecology ecosystems Ecotypes Electron Transport Complex IV Electron Transport Complex IV - genetics Evolution, Molecular food webs genes Genes, Mitochondrial Genetic Speciation Genetic structure genetics Genetics, Population Great Britain Haplotypes Lumbricidae Lumbricus rubellus Mitochondria Mitochondria - genetics Mitochondrial DNA Molecular biology morphs Oligochaeta Oligochaeta - genetics Phylogeny Polymorphism, Genetic Population genetics Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Soil fertility sympatric distribution Taxa United Kingdom Worms United Kingdom > UK Great Britain
ISSN:	0962-1083, 1365-294X, 1365-294X
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Earthworms play a major role in many aspects of soil fertility, food web ecology and ecosystem functioning, and hence are frequently the subjects of, for example, ecological and toxicological research. Our aim was to examine the genetic structure of common earthworm species, to identify cryptic lineages or species that may be distinct ecotypes or biotypes (and hence confound current research based upon morphotypes) and to try to explain the massive cryptic diversity that eventually emerged. We demonstrated that species such as Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea rosea and Lumbricus rubellus all comprise highly divergent lineages with species-level divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. In Allo. chlorotica alone, we found 55 haplotypes for COI, with 35 of these being found in pink and 20 in green morph worms. There were no cases of the two colour morphs sharing COI haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial COI and 16S genes showed the presence of five highly divergent lineages, suggesting the presence of multiple cryptic species within Allo. chlorotica. There was no clear geographical pattern to lineage distribution and many populations were polymorphic for both mitochondrial DNA lineage and colour morph. Amplified fragment length polymorphism results, based on two primer combinations, were broadly congruent with mitochondrial DNA results with one significant exception. Despite showing over 14% divergence at COI, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed that the two green morph lineages may be interbreeding and therefore represent a single taxon. The cryptic diversity revealed by these results has profound consequences for all areas of earthworm research.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03931.x istex:1F93B79C19BB2879ECCBA1042EE9E4F242A233FD ark:/67375/WNG-XXRDW78L-2 ArticleID:MEC3931 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0962-1083 1365-294X 1365-294X
DOI:	10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03931.x