Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents

To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiom...

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Published in:International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention Vol. 25; p. 200382
Main Authors: Nagata, Jason M., Helmer, Christiane K., Wong, Jennifer H., Lee, Seohyeong, Domingue, Sydnie K., Low, Patrick, Al-shoaibi, Abubakr A.A., Shim, Joan E., Ganson, Kyle T., Testa, Alexander, Kiss, Orsolya, Gooding, Holly C., Dooley, Erin E., Pettee Gabriel, Kelley, Baker, Fiona C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2025
Elsevier
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ISSN:2772-4875, 2772-4875
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Abstract To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
AbstractList •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
AbstractBackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). ResultsThe average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. ConclusionThis study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years.BackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years.This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C).MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C).The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C.ResultsThe average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C.This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.ConclusionThis study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). Results: The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. Conclusion: This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
ArticleNumber 200382
Author Baker, Fiona C.
Domingue, Sydnie K.
Wong, Jennifer H.
Al-shoaibi, Abubakr A.A.
Shim, Joan E.
Ganson, Kyle T.
Gooding, Holly C.
Helmer, Christiane K.
Lee, Seohyeong
Low, Patrick
Dooley, Erin E.
Testa, Alexander
Kiss, Orsolya
Pettee Gabriel, Kelley
Nagata, Jason M.
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  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Christiane K.
  surname: Helmer
  fullname: Helmer, Christiane K.
  email: christiane@berkeley.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jennifer H.
  surname: Wong
  fullname: Wong, Jennifer H.
  email: jennifer_wongg@berkeley.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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  givenname: Seohyeong
  surname: Lee
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  email: suelee935@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sydnie K.
  surname: Domingue
  fullname: Domingue, Sydnie K.
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  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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  givenname: Patrick
  surname: Low
  fullname: Low, Patrick
  email: patrick.low@ucsf.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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  givenname: Abubakr A.A.
  surname: Al-shoaibi
  fullname: Al-shoaibi, Abubakr A.A.
  email: abubakr3r@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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  givenname: Joan E.
  surname: Shim
  fullname: Shim, Joan E.
  email: jeshim@berkeley.edu
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Kyle T.
  surname: Ganson
  fullname: Ganson, Kyle T.
  email: kyle.ganson@utoronto.ca
  organization: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Alexander
  surname: Testa
  fullname: Testa, Alexander
  email: Alexander.Testa@uth.tmc.edu
  organization: Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Orsolya
  surname: Kiss
  fullname: Kiss, Orsolya
  email: orsolya.kiss@sri.com
  organization: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Holly C.
  surname: Gooding
  fullname: Gooding, Holly C.
  email: holly.gooding@emory.edu
  organization: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Erin E.
  surname: Dooley
  fullname: Dooley, Erin E.
  email: edooley@uab.edu
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Kelley
  surname: Pettee Gabriel
  fullname: Pettee Gabriel, Kelley
  email: gabrielk@uab.edu
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Fiona C.
  surname: Baker
  fullname: Baker, Fiona C.
  email: fiona.baker@sri.com
  organization: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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Keywords Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Cholesterol
Adolescent
Language English
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2025 The Authors.
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Snippet To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged...
AbstractBackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S....
•Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black...
Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S....
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StartPage 200382
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Research Paper
Title Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
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https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S2772487525000200
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200382
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40166767
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3184578835
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11957581
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