Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiom...
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| Published in: | International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention Vol. 25; p. 200382 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.06.2025
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 2772-4875, 2772-4875 |
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| Abstract | To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years.
This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C).
The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C.
This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
•Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. |
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| AbstractList | •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. AbstractBackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). ResultsThe average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. ConclusionThis study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black and Native American race/ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c.•Higher household income was associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years.BackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years.This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C).MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018-2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C).The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C.ResultsThe average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B -3.14; 95 % CI, -6.17, -0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C.This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.ConclusionThis study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). Results: The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. Conclusion: This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions. |
| ArticleNumber | 200382 |
| Author | Baker, Fiona C. Domingue, Sydnie K. Wong, Jennifer H. Al-shoaibi, Abubakr A.A. Shim, Joan E. Ganson, Kyle T. Gooding, Holly C. Helmer, Christiane K. Lee, Seohyeong Low, Patrick Dooley, Erin E. Testa, Alexander Kiss, Orsolya Pettee Gabriel, Kelley Nagata, Jason M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jason M. orcidid: 0000-0002-6541-0604 surname: Nagata fullname: Nagata, Jason M. email: jason.nagata@ucsf.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Christiane K. surname: Helmer fullname: Helmer, Christiane K. email: christiane@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Jennifer H. surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Jennifer H. email: jennifer_wongg@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Seohyeong surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Seohyeong email: suelee935@gmail.com organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Sydnie K. surname: Domingue fullname: Domingue, Sydnie K. email: sydniedomingue@gmail.com organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Patrick surname: Low fullname: Low, Patrick email: patrick.low@ucsf.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Abubakr A.A. surname: Al-shoaibi fullname: Al-shoaibi, Abubakr A.A. email: abubakr3r@gmail.com organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Joan E. surname: Shim fullname: Shim, Joan E. email: jeshim@berkeley.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Kyle T. surname: Ganson fullname: Ganson, Kyle T. email: kyle.ganson@utoronto.ca organization: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada – sequence: 10 givenname: Alexander surname: Testa fullname: Testa, Alexander email: Alexander.Testa@uth.tmc.edu organization: Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Orsolya surname: Kiss fullname: Kiss, Orsolya email: orsolya.kiss@sri.com organization: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Holly C. surname: Gooding fullname: Gooding, Holly C. email: holly.gooding@emory.edu organization: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Erin E. surname: Dooley fullname: Dooley, Erin E. email: edooley@uab.edu organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA – sequence: 14 givenname: Kelley surname: Pettee Gabriel fullname: Pettee Gabriel, Kelley email: gabrielk@uab.edu organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Fiona C. surname: Baker fullname: Baker, Fiona C. email: fiona.baker@sri.com organization: Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA |
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| Snippet | To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged... AbstractBackgroundTo estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S.... •Older age was associated with lower total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol.•Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c and lower total cholesterol.•Black... Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Cardiovascular Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Diabetes Research Paper |
| Title | Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents |
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