Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018
During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The incidence increased by 294% during 2016-2018 compared with the incid...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report Jg. 70; H. 24; S. 875 - 878 |
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Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
18.06.2021
U.S. Government Printing Office U.S. Center for Disease Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
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| Abstract | During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The incidence increased by 294% during 2016-2018 compared with the incidence during 2013-2015, with most cases occurring among populations at high risk for hepatitis A infection, including persons who use illicit drugs (injection and noninjection), persons who experience homelessness, and men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-3). Previous outbreaks among persons who use illicit drugs and MSM led to recommendations issued in 1996 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine hepatitis A vaccination of persons in these populations (4). Despite these long-standing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates among MSM remain low (5). In 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene contacted CDC after public health officials noted an increase in hepatitis A infections among MSM. Laboratory testing* of clinical specimens identified strains of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) that subsequently matched strains recovered from MSM in other states. During January 1, 2017-October 31, 2018, CDC received reports of 260 cases of hepatitis A among MSM from health departments in eight states, a substantial increase from the 16 cases reported from all 50 states during 2013-2015. Forty-eight percent (124 of 258) of MSM patients were hospitalized for a median of 3 days. No deaths were reported. In response to these cases, CDC supported state and local health departments with public health intervention efforts to decrease HAV transmission among MSM populations. These efforts included organizing multistate calls among health departments to share information, providing guidance on developing targeted outreach and managing supplies for vaccine campaigns, and conducting laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Targeted outreach for MSM to increase awareness about hepatitis A infection and improve access to vaccination services, such as providing convenient locations for vaccination, are needed to prevent outbreaks among MSM.During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The incidence increased by 294% during 2016-2018 compared with the incidence during 2013-2015, with most cases occurring among populations at high risk for hepatitis A infection, including persons who use illicit drugs (injection and noninjection), persons who experience homelessness, and men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-3). Previous outbreaks among persons who use illicit drugs and MSM led to recommendations issued in 1996 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine hepatitis A vaccination of persons in these populations (4). Despite these long-standing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates among MSM remain low (5). In 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene contacted CDC after public health officials noted an increase in hepatitis A infections among MSM. Laboratory testing* of clinical specimens identified strains of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) that subsequently matched strains recovered from MSM in other states. During January 1, 2017-October 31, 2018, CDC received reports of 260 cases of hepatitis A among MSM from health departments in eight states, a substantial increase from the 16 cases reported from all 50 states during 2013-2015. Forty-eight percent (124 of 258) of MSM patients were hospitalized for a median of 3 days. No deaths were reported. In response to these cases, CDC supported state and local health departments with public health intervention efforts to decrease HAV transmission among MSM populations. These efforts included organizing multistate calls among health departments to share information, providing guidance on developing targeted outreach and managing supplies for vaccine campaigns, and conducting laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Targeted outreach for MSM to increase awareness about hepatitis A infection and improve access to vaccination services, such as providing convenient locations for vaccination, are needed to prevent outbreaks among MSM. |
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| AbstractList | What is already known about this topic? Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). What is added by this report? During January 1, 2017–October 31, 2018, a total of 260 cases of hepatitis A occurred among MSM from eight states compared with 16 cases reported from 50 states during 2013─2015. Forty-eight percent (124 of 258) of MSM patients were hospitalized for a median of 3 days. No deaths were reported. What are the implications for public health practice? Targeted outreach to increase awareness about hepatitis A infection and improve access to vaccination services are needed to prevent outbreaks among MSM. During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The incidence increased by 294% during 2016-2018 compared with the incidence during 2013-2015, with most cases occurring among populations at high risk for hepatitis A infection, including persons who use illicit drugs (injection and noninjection), persons who experience homelessness, and men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-3). Previous outbreaks among persons who use illicit drugs and MSM led to recommendations issued in 1996 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine hepatitis A vaccination of persons in these populations (4). Despite these long-standing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates among MSM remain low (5). In 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene contacted CDC after public health officials noted an increase in hepatitis A infections among MSM. Laboratory testing* of clinical specimens identified strains of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) that subsequently matched strains recovered from MSM in other states. During January 1, 2017-October 31, 2018, CDC received reports of 260 cases of hepatitis A among MSM from health departments in eight states, a substantial increase from the 16 cases reported from all 50 states during 2013-2015. Forty-eight percent (124 of 258) of MSM patients were hospitalized for a median of 3 days. No deaths were reported. In response to these cases, CDC supported state and local health departments with public health intervention efforts to decrease HAV transmission among MSM populations. These efforts included organizing multistate calls among health departments to share information, providing guidance on developing targeted outreach and managing supplies for vaccine campaigns, and conducting laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Targeted outreach for MSM to increase awareness about hepatitis A infection and improve access to vaccination services, such as providing convenient locations for vaccination, are needed to prevent outbreaks among MSM.During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The incidence increased by 294% during 2016-2018 compared with the incidence during 2013-2015, with most cases occurring among populations at high risk for hepatitis A infection, including persons who use illicit drugs (injection and noninjection), persons who experience homelessness, and men who have sex with men (MSM) (1-3). Previous outbreaks among persons who use illicit drugs and MSM led to recommendations issued in 1996 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for routine hepatitis A vaccination of persons in these populations (4). Despite these long-standing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates among MSM remain low (5). In 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene contacted CDC after public health officials noted an increase in hepatitis A infections among MSM. Laboratory testing* of clinical specimens identified strains of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) that subsequently matched strains recovered from MSM in other states. During January 1, 2017-October 31, 2018, CDC received reports of 260 cases of hepatitis A among MSM from health departments in eight states, a substantial increase from the 16 cases reported from all 50 states during 2013-2015. Forty-eight percent (124 of 258) of MSM patients were hospitalized for a median of 3 days. No deaths were reported. In response to these cases, CDC supported state and local health departments with public health intervention efforts to decrease HAV transmission among MSM populations. These efforts included organizing multistate calls among health departments to share information, providing guidance on developing targeted outreach and managing supplies for vaccine campaigns, and conducting laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Targeted outreach for MSM to increase awareness about hepatitis A infection and improve access to vaccination services, such as providing convenient locations for vaccination, are needed to prevent outbreaks among MSM. |
| Audience | Professional |
| Author | Stanislawski, Emma S. Gounder, Prabhu Hofmeister, Megan G. Myrick-West, Angela Burakoff, Alexis W. Longmire, Atkinson G. Reddy, Vasudha Perella, Dana M. Stoltey, Juliet E. Ho, Po-Yi Utah, Okey F. Foster, Monique A. Brown, Kerri B. Kavanaugh, Tracy Albertson, Justin P. Zipprich, Jennifer Gandhi, Ami P. Glenn-Finer, Rosie E. Latash, Julia Teshale, Eyasu H. Lewis, Rebecca L. Sullivan, Susan M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Monique A. surname: Foster fullname: Foster, Monique A. – sequence: 2 givenname: Megan G. surname: Hofmeister fullname: Hofmeister, Megan G. – sequence: 3 givenname: Justin P. surname: Albertson fullname: Albertson, Justin P. – sequence: 4 givenname: Kerri B. surname: Brown fullname: Brown, Kerri B. – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexis W. surname: Burakoff fullname: Burakoff, Alexis W. – sequence: 6 givenname: Ami P. surname: Gandhi fullname: Gandhi, Ami P. – sequence: 7 givenname: Rosie E. surname: Glenn-Finer fullname: Glenn-Finer, Rosie E. – sequence: 8 givenname: Prabhu surname: Gounder fullname: Gounder, Prabhu – sequence: 9 givenname: Po-Yi surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Po-Yi – sequence: 10 givenname: Tracy surname: Kavanaugh fullname: Kavanaugh, Tracy – sequence: 11 givenname: Julia surname: Latash fullname: Latash, Julia – sequence: 12 givenname: Rebecca L. surname: Lewis fullname: Lewis, Rebecca L. – sequence: 13 givenname: Atkinson G. surname: Longmire fullname: Longmire, Atkinson G. – sequence: 14 givenname: Angela surname: Myrick-West fullname: Myrick-West, Angela – sequence: 15 givenname: Dana M. surname: Perella fullname: Perella, Dana M. – sequence: 16 givenname: Vasudha surname: Reddy fullname: Reddy, Vasudha – sequence: 17 givenname: Emma S. surname: Stanislawski fullname: Stanislawski, Emma S. – sequence: 18 givenname: Juliet E. surname: Stoltey fullname: Stoltey, Juliet E. – sequence: 19 givenname: Susan M. surname: Sullivan fullname: Sullivan, Susan M. – sequence: 20 givenname: Okey F. surname: Utah fullname: Utah, Okey F. – sequence: 21 givenname: Jennifer surname: Zipprich fullname: Zipprich, Jennifer – sequence: 22 givenname: Eyasu H. surname: Teshale fullname: Teshale, Eyasu H. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.15585/mmwr.mm6818a2 10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a3 10.1371/journal.pone.0213431 10.1017/S0950268815002605 10.1086/374057 10.1093/infdis/jiu834 |
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| References | Foster (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R3) 2019; 68 Foster (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R1) 2018; 67 Srivastav (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R5) 2019; 14 Ly (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R2) 2015; 212 Regan (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R9) 2016; 144 key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R7 Cotter (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R8) 2003; 187 key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R10 key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R6 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. (key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R4) 1996; 45 |
| References_xml | – volume: 45 year: 1996 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R4 article-title: Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep – ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R7 – ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R10 – volume: 68 start-page: 413 year: 2019 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R3 article-title: Increase in hepatitis A virus infections—United States, 2013–2018. publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6818a2 – ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R6 – volume: 67 start-page: 1208 year: 2018 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R1 article-title: Hepatitis A virus outbreaks associated with drug use and homelessness—California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017. publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a3 – volume: 14 start-page: e0213431. year: 2019 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R5 article-title: Vaccination differences among US adults by their self-identified sexual orientation, National Health Interview Survey, 2013–2015. publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213431 – volume: 144 start-page: 1528 year: 2016 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R9 article-title: Estimating the critical immunity threshold for preventing hepatitis A outbreaks in men who have sex with men. publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268815002605 – volume: 187 start-page: 1235 year: 2003 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R8 article-title: Outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men: implications for hepatitis A vaccination strategies. publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/374057 – volume: 212 start-page: 176 year: 2015 ident: key-10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2-202106170926-R2 article-title: Trends in disease and complications of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States, 1999–2011: a new concern for adults. publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu834 |
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| Snippet | During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per... What is already known about this topic? Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). What is added by this report? During... |
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| SubjectTerms | Blood diseases Deaths Departments Drug use Epidemics Full Report Genotype & phenotype Hepatitis Hepatitis A HIV Hospitalized Human immunodeficiency virus Immunization Infection Infections Medical laboratories Men who have sex with men Patients Population Public health Sexual orientation Social networks States Vaccination Vaccines Viruses |
| Title | Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018 |
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