Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle

Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger and noncoding RNA), and metabolites to promote intercellular communication. Pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oncogenesis (New York, NY) Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 54 - 12
Main Authors: Wang, Xia, Tian, Lu, Lu, Jingyi, Ng, Irene Oi-Lin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15.09.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/67
631/67/1857
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Cancer
Cell Biology
Drug development
Endocytosis
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Human Genetics
Immunosuppressive agents
Internal Medicine
Lipid metabolism
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Oncology
Review
Review Article
Therapeutic targets
ISSN:2157-9024, 2157-9024
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger and noncoding RNA), and metabolites to promote intercellular communication. Proteins and noncoding RNA are among the most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions and are selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomes derived from tumor, stromal and immune cells contribute to the multiple stages of cancer progression as well as resistance to therapy. In this review, we will discuss the biogenesis of exosomes and their roles in cancer development. Since specific contents within exosomes originate from their cells of origin, this property allows exosomes to function as valuable biomarkers. We will also discuss the potential use of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies for multiple cancers. Furthermore, the applications of exosomes as direct therapeutic targets or engineered vehicles for drugs are an important field of exosome study. Better understanding of exosome biology may pave the way to promising exosome-based clinical applications.
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ISSN:2157-9024
2157-9024
DOI:10.1038/s41389-022-00431-5