Metatranscriptome analysis of the human fecal microbiota reveals subject-specific expression profiles, with genes encoding proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism being dominantly expressed
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include fe...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | Applied and environmental microbiology Ročník 76; číslo 16; s. 5533 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
United States
01.08.2010
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 1098-5336, 1098-5336 |
| On-line prístup: | Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities.The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to describe the diversity and stability of the microbiota, functional studies have been largely restricted to intestinal isolates and include few community studies. The aim of this study was to explore the in situ gene expression of the fecal microbiota and to evaluate the RNA fingerprinting method cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism) for this purpose. To this end, cDNA-AFLP analysis of enriched mRNA revealed that two healthy subjects showed highly divergent expression profiles with considerable fluctuations in time. Subsequent excision and sequence determination of bands from the mRNA-enriched profiles resulted in 122 identifiable sequences (transcripts and rRNAs). The classification of retrieved transcripts into functional clusters based on COG (cluster of orthologous genes) annotation showed that most assigned transcripts belonged to the metabolism cluster (26% of all sequences), underlining that even at the very end of the intestinal tract the microbiota is still very active. This study furthermore revealed that cDNA-AFLP is a useful tool to compare gene expression profiles in time in complex microbial communities. |
| Author | Boekhorst, Jos Zoetendal, Erwin G de Vos, Willem M Smidt, Hauke Kleerebezem, Michiel Booijink, Carien C G M |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carien C G M surname: Booijink fullname: Booijink, Carien C G M organization: TI Food and Nutrition, and Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, Wageningen, Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Jos surname: Boekhorst fullname: Boekhorst, Jos – sequence: 3 givenname: Erwin G surname: Zoetendal fullname: Zoetendal, Erwin G – sequence: 4 givenname: Hauke surname: Smidt fullname: Smidt, Hauke – sequence: 5 givenname: Michiel surname: Kleerebezem fullname: Kleerebezem, Michiel – sequence: 6 givenname: Willem M surname: de Vos fullname: de Vos, Willem M |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20562280$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpNkElvFDEQhS0URBa4cUZ140IHL-2J-xhFYZEScYHzyEs548hLY7snzN_jl9GBROJUT6r3qj69U3KUS0ZC3jJ6zhhXHy-vb88plZQPjL4gJ4xOapBCbI7-08fktLV7SulIN-oVOeZUbjhX9IT8vsWue9W52RrmXhKCzjoeWmhQPPQdwm5JOoNHqyOkYGsxoXQNFfeoY4O2mHu0fWgz2uCDBfw1V2wtlAxzLT5EbB_gIfQd3GHGBphtcSHfPW47htwg5H2Je3SrAKurKbuDq7ojpBXOlBhaAoOPEVdSyDr3eHh-g-41eelXEHzzNM_Ij0_X36--DDffPn-9urwZrFSiD9xsRs2pEN6hdRMTEkdhJuuYVd5Zj0IKrxhe_G1GSibRWMm0Z0ZORml-Rt7_u7ty_1yw9W0KzWKMOmNZ2vZiVNM4UTqtzndPzsUkdNu5hqTrYftcO_8D8nCNCQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1469_0691_2012_03865_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_017_0733_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0029913 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0036009 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_13033 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_10952_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0080201 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11427_018_9423_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13059_017_1359_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2011_12_027 crossref_primary_10_1089_cmb_2013_0042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpg_2013_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_023_03037_y crossref_primary_10_1089_cmb_2014_0139 crossref_primary_10_1128_CMR_00060_16 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1751_7915_2011_00290_x crossref_primary_10_1177_0022034518761644 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_175732 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_copbio_2012_01_016 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_591088 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep19233 crossref_primary_10_1093_ecco_jcc_jjw024 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22041965 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clp_2012_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13199_017_0534_z crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2672_2011_05101_x crossref_primary_10_1186_2049_2618_1_12 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2020_113751 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tibtech_2014_01_005 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0017447 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2018_04_053 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12052483 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0079353 crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo13121182 crossref_primary_10_1111_1462_2920_12399 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_41452_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_2049_2618_2_39 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_6074918 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12161_014_9923_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41575_020_00397_y crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1574_6941_2011_01222_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_00891 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_berh_2015_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2012_303184 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1319284111 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12864_016_2964_z crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1002808 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tig_2012_09_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_copbio_2010_08_003 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8111735 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12934_020_01319_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnutbio_2019_108217 crossref_primary_10_1111_prd_12350 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_9547063 crossref_primary_10_1038_ismej_2014_23 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1462_2920_2012_02845_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12859_025_06137_w crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0227886 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.00502-10 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Engineering Biology |
| EISSN | 1098-5336 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 20562280 |
| Genre | Evaluation Studies Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- -~X .55 .GJ 0R~ 23M 2WC 39C 3O- 4.4 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 6J9 85S AAZTW ABOGM ABPPZ ABTAH ACBTR ACGFO ACIWK ACNCT ACPRK ADBBV ADUKH AENEX AFFNX AFRAH AGCDD AGVNZ AI. ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BKOMP BTFSW C1A CGR CS3 CUY CVF D0L DIK E.- E3Z EBS ECM EIF EJD F5P GX1 H13 HYE HZ~ H~9 K-O KQ8 L7B MVM NEJ NPM O9- OHT P2P PQQKQ RHI RNS RPM RSF RXW TAE TAF TN5 TR2 TWZ UHB VH1 W8F WH7 WHG WOQ X6Y X7M XJT YV5 ZCG ZGI ZXP ZY4 ~02 ~KM 7X8 AAGFI |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-2b64a2033fdecd9135e43b9cd1c8fdcfe353f81e7622805515ebc51af1b59b8a2 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 73 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000280633400024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1098-5336 |
| IngestDate | Thu Sep 04 20:44:34 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 06:57:34 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 16 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c583t-2b64a2033fdecd9135e43b9cd1c8fdcfe353f81e7622805515ebc51af1b59b8a2 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Undefined-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs%2F398992 |
| PMID | 20562280 |
| PQID | 748949009 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_748949009 pubmed_primary_20562280 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2010-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2010-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2010 text: 2010-08-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Applied and environmental microbiology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Appl Environ Microbiol |
| PublicationYear | 2010 |
| References | 7501463 - Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 11;23(21):4407-14 2231712 - J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 16000831 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jul;71(7):4121-6 16101761 - Mol Ecol. 2005 Sep;14(10):2899-914 16269790 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Nov;71(11):7483-92 17387748 - J Med Virol. 2007 May;79(5):552-61 10232646 - Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):1035S-1045S 17406319 - Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):870-3 19286790 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(9):2668-76 17158612 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Feb;73(4):1388-92 11870062 - Biol Reprod. 2002 Mar;66(3):589-95 16085863 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Aug;71(8):4679-89 18407065 - Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Apr 17;3(4):213-23 19043404 - Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):480-4 15982764 - J Microbiol Methods. 2006 Feb;64(2):207-16 18783384 - Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jan;11(1):111-25 11722935 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Dec;67(12):5780-90 17401749 - Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Jul;64(4):425-38 18971961 - ISME J. 2009 Feb;3(2):179-89 12969510 - BMC Bioinformatics. 2003 Sep 11;4:41 17345135 - Microb Ecol. 2007 Apr;53(3):498-506 16461729 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Feb;72(2):1688-91 9758810 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3854-9 11157169 - Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):881-4 17916580 - DNA Res. 2007 Aug 31;14(4):169-81 18725995 - PLoS One. 2008;3(8):e3042 19508560 - Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jul;11(7):1736-51 14611802 - Genomics. 2003 Dec;82(6):606-18 17608970 - Parasitology. 2007;134(Pt 8):1105-10 11011112 - Jpn J Cancer Res. 2000 Sep;91(9):869-74 18941009 - Gut. 2008 Nov;57(11):1605-15 11055900 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4605-14 8653120 - Plant J. 1996 May;9(5):745-53 20203603 - Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):59-65 16125009 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005 Aug;29(3):477-90 17276052 - Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2007 Apr;18(2):156-62 18848555 - Gastroenterology. 2008 Nov;135(5):1466-8 15240314 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jul;70(7):4303-17 12571043 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Feb;69(2):1159-71 18316740 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 11;105(10):3805-10 18575584 - PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2527 12570994 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Feb;69(2):769-78 17406329 - Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):954-9 16553872 - Mol Microbiol. 2006 Mar;59(6):1639-50 16782812 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 27;103(26):10011-6 11983890 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):5890-5 16741115 - Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1355-9 |
| References_xml | – reference: 11983890 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):5890-5 – reference: 16461729 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Feb;72(2):1688-91 – reference: 16553872 - Mol Microbiol. 2006 Mar;59(6):1639-50 – reference: 17158612 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Feb;73(4):1388-92 – reference: 16125009 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005 Aug;29(3):477-90 – reference: 17276052 - Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2007 Apr;18(2):156-62 – reference: 18848555 - Gastroenterology. 2008 Nov;135(5):1466-8 – reference: 12571043 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Feb;69(2):1159-71 – reference: 18575584 - PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2527 – reference: 17608970 - Parasitology. 2007;134(Pt 8):1105-10 – reference: 10232646 - Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):1035S-1045S – reference: 12969510 - BMC Bioinformatics. 2003 Sep 11;4:41 – reference: 11055900 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4605-14 – reference: 8653120 - Plant J. 1996 May;9(5):745-53 – reference: 17406319 - Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):870-3 – reference: 11157169 - Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):881-4 – reference: 16085863 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Aug;71(8):4679-89 – reference: 18971961 - ISME J. 2009 Feb;3(2):179-89 – reference: 17387748 - J Med Virol. 2007 May;79(5):552-61 – reference: 18725995 - PLoS One. 2008;3(8):e3042 – reference: 19043404 - Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):480-4 – reference: 17406329 - Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):954-9 – reference: 2231712 - J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 – reference: 7501463 - Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 11;23(21):4407-14 – reference: 16269790 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Nov;71(11):7483-92 – reference: 16741115 - Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1355-9 – reference: 18316740 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 11;105(10):3805-10 – reference: 15982764 - J Microbiol Methods. 2006 Feb;64(2):207-16 – reference: 16101761 - Mol Ecol. 2005 Sep;14(10):2899-914 – reference: 18783384 - Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jan;11(1):111-25 – reference: 16000831 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jul;71(7):4121-6 – reference: 15240314 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jul;70(7):4303-17 – reference: 19508560 - Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jul;11(7):1736-51 – reference: 17916580 - DNA Res. 2007 Aug 31;14(4):169-81 – reference: 19286790 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(9):2668-76 – reference: 17401749 - Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Jul;64(4):425-38 – reference: 18407065 - Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Apr 17;3(4):213-23 – reference: 9758810 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3854-9 – reference: 20203603 - Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):59-65 – reference: 11011112 - Jpn J Cancer Res. 2000 Sep;91(9):869-74 – reference: 11870062 - Biol Reprod. 2002 Mar;66(3):589-95 – reference: 12570994 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Feb;69(2):769-78 – reference: 14611802 - Genomics. 2003 Dec;82(6):606-18 – reference: 16782812 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 27;103(26):10011-6 – reference: 17345135 - Microb Ecol. 2007 Apr;53(3):498-506 – reference: 18941009 - Gut. 2008 Nov;57(11):1605-15 – reference: 11722935 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Dec;67(12):5780-90 |
| SSID | ssj0004068 |
| Score | 2.2864575 |
| Snippet | The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides home to a complex microbial community, collectively termed microbiota. Although major efforts have been made to... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 5533 |
| SubjectTerms | Carbohydrate Metabolism - genetics Cluster Analysis DNA Fingerprinting - methods Feces - microbiology Gene Expression Profiling - methods Human Experimentation Humans Metagenome - genetics Molecular Sequence Data Sequence Analysis, DNA Time Factors |
| Title | Metatranscriptome analysis of the human fecal microbiota reveals subject-specific expression profiles, with genes encoding proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism being dominantly expressed |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20562280 https://www.proquest.com/docview/748949009 |
| Volume | 76 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000280633400024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELaAggoHHktLy0tz4IhpYudhn1CFWnHZVQ8g7W3lJ0TqJqXZVt2_xy9jJnGqXhAHLlEujq3MZOaL_c03jH3wRe0wL1Y8x2TPC2Ei14UWXFhMnjILuZNmaDZRLxZqudRniZvTJ1rlFBOHQO07R3vkR6SSUmhEBJ8vfnFqGkWHq6mDxn22IxHJkFPXyzti4VmqhNOKI6qpJt67UEfHJ_NPJH0ieJ79HVsOOeb02X-u7jl7msAlHI_e8ILdC-2MPRrbTW5nbHeqQu5n7MkdIcKX7PecWIeUtoYg0q0DmKRWAl0EBIkwNPODGNCmsG5G-aaNAVKAQg-G_srSjg6nyk1iH0G4SRTbFlJf8P4j0K4v_KDwCiSgSXkTBqWIpu2haTFUXgePN-DMpe1-bj0JWcAaF2e786Zfgw00xHcjged8O00T_B77fnry7ctXnro7cFcquUFvqAojMimjD87rXJahkFY7nzsVvYtBljKqPGC0FipDYFcG68rcxNyW2ioj9tmDtmvDAQOEVFbi82zlY4E_UNoK0l_WsbaViq4-ZDBZbYVfDx2JmDZ0V_3q1m6H7NVo-dXFqPKxEgQNcebX_x78hj0eSQXEC3zLdiK-9_COPXTXm6a_fD94JV4XZ_M_xczymg |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Metatranscriptome+analysis+of+the+human+fecal+microbiota+reveals+subject-specific+expression+profiles%2C+with+genes+encoding+proteins+involved+in+carbohydrate+metabolism+being+dominantly+expressed&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.au=Booijink%2C+Carien+C+G+M&rft.au=Boekhorst%2C+Jos&rft.au=Zoetendal%2C+Erwin+G&rft.au=Smidt%2C+Hauke&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.eissn=1098-5336&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=5533&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.00502-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20562280&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20562280&rft.externalDocID=20562280 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1098-5336&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1098-5336&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1098-5336&client=summon |