Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? A neuropsychological case study

Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis...

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Published in:	Annals of clinical and translational neurology Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 1365 - 1370
Main Authors:	Hauw, Fabien, Sangaré, Aude, Munoz‐Musat, Esteban, Meyniel, Claire, Di Donato, Nina, Chokron, Sylvie, Bozon, Frédérique, Naccache, Lionel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2024 John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley
Subjects:	Adult Awareness - physiology Blindness, Cortical - physiopathology Case Study consciousness cortical blindness Female Humans Hypotheses Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuropsychological Tests Neuropsychology prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology primary visual cortex Primary Visual Cortex - physiology Primary Visual Cortex - physiopathology Semantics vision Visual Perception - physiology vision primary visual cortex consciousness prefrontal cortex cortical blindness
ISSN:	2328-9503, 2328-9503
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Abstract	Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved. Results Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC. Interpretation These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness.
AbstractList	According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC). We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved. Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness. Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved. Results Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC. Interpretation These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness. ObjectiveAccording to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC).MethodsWe provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved.ResultsVisual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC.InterpretationThese results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness. According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC).OBJECTIVEAccording to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC).We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved.METHODSWe provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved.Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC.RESULTSVisual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC.These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness.INTERPRETATIONThese results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness. Abstract Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved. Results Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC. Interpretation These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness.
Author	Munoz‐Musat, Esteban Di Donato, Nina Chokron, Sylvie Sangaré, Aude Bozon, Frédérique Naccache, Lionel Hauw, Fabien Meyniel, Claire
AuthorAffiliation	5 Institut de Neuropsychologie, Neurovision, NeuroCognition Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild Paris 75019 France 2 Faculté de Médecine Pitié‐Salpêtrière UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Université Paris France 3 Department of Neurology, DMU Neurosciences AP‐HP, Hôpital Groupe hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrière Paris France 4 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU Neurosciences AP‐HP, Hôpital Groupe hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrière Paris France 1 Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université Paris France 6 Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center UMR 8002, CNRS & Université de Paris Paris 75006 France
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Snippet	Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this... According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks... ObjectiveAccording to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this... Abstract Objective According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1)...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Awareness - physiology Blindness, Cortical - physiopathology Case Study consciousness cortical blindness Female Humans Hypotheses Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuropsychological Tests Neuropsychology prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology primary visual cortex Primary Visual Cortex - physiology Primary Visual Cortex - physiopathology Semantics vision Visual Perception - physiology
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Title	Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? A neuropsychological case study
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