The CIRCORT database: Reference ranges and seasonal changes in diurnal salivary cortisol derived from a meta-dataset comprised of 15 field studies

•The CIRCORT database comprises 104,623 saliva cortisol samples from 18,698 individuals.•Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS) for diurnal salivary cortisol were derived.•A seasonal rhythm underlying diurnal salivary cortisol (acrophase: spring) was confirmed. Diurnal salivary corti...

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Published in:	Psychoneuroendocrinology Vol. 73; pp. 16 - 23
Main Authors:	Miller, Robert, Stalder, Tobias, Jarczok, Marc, Almeida, David M., Badrick, Ellena, Bartels, Meike, Boomsma, Dorret I., Coe, Christopher L., Dekker, Marieke C.J., Donzella, Bonny, Fischer, Joachim E., Gunnar, Megan R., Kumari, Meena, Lederbogen, Florian, Power, Christine, Ryff, Carol D., Subramanian, S.V., Tiemeier, Henning, Watamura, Sarah E., Kirschbaum, Clemens
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2016
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Circadian rhythm Circadian Rhythm - physiology Cortisol Datasets as Topic - statistics & numerical data Endocrinology & Metabolism Europe Female Humans Hydrocortisone - metabolism Infant Lifespan Male Middle Aged Psychiatry Reference value Reference Values Saliva Saliva - chemistry Seasons United States Young Adult Reference value Cortisol Circadian rhythm Saliva Lifespan saliva cortisol lifespan reference value circadian rhythm
ISSN:	0306-4530, 1873-3360, 1873-3360
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	•The CIRCORT database comprises 104,623 saliva cortisol samples from 18,698 individuals.•Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS) for diurnal salivary cortisol were derived.•A seasonal rhythm underlying diurnal salivary cortisol (acrophase: spring) was confirmed. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5–98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1–16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS–MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle.
AbstractList	•The CIRCORT database comprises 104,623 saliva cortisol samples from 18,698 individuals.•Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS) for diurnal salivary cortisol were derived.•A seasonal rhythm underlying diurnal salivary cortisol (acrophase: spring) was confirmed. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5–98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1–16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS–MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5 to 98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1 to 16 hours after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS-MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle. Highlights • The CIRCORT database comprises 104,298 saliva cortisol samples from 18,696 individuals. • Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS) for diurnal salivary cortisol are derived. • A seasonal rhythm underlying diurnal salivary cortisol (acrophase: spring) was confirmed. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5-98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1-16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS-MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle.Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5-98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1-16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS-MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5-98.5 years, 39% females). Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed-effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e., 1-16h after awakening). Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between-participant and between-study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS-MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle.
Author	Kumari, Meena Jarczok, Marc Dekker, Marieke C.J. Bartels, Meike Almeida, David M. Fischer, Joachim E. Kirschbaum, Clemens Boomsma, Dorret I. Tiemeier, Henning Stalder, Tobias Gunnar, Megan R. Power, Christine Donzella, Bonny Miller, Robert Badrick, Ellena Ryff, Carol D. Watamura, Sarah E. Coe, Christopher L. Subramanian, S.V. Lederbogen, Florian
AuthorAffiliation	9 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands 12 Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany 13 University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands 17 Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race Street, Denver, CO 802058, USA 16 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands 8 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA 4 Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistr. 1-9, D-12247 Berlin, Germany 5 College of Heath and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA 7 Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Am
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 10 Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA – name: 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden – name: 14 Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom – name: 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistr. 1-9, D-12247 Berlin, Germany – name: 3 Department of Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, D-57076 Siegen, Germany – name: 8 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA – name: 11 ISER, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom – name: 16 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands – name: 12 Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany – name: 18 Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D-01069 Dresden, Germany – name: 7 Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands – name: 17 Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race Street, Denver, CO 802058, USA – name: 13 University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands – name: 6 MRC Health eResearch Centre, The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom – name: 5 College of Heath and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA – name: 4 Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany – name: 9 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands – name: 15 Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6096, USA
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27448524$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	•The CIRCORT database comprises 104,623 saliva cortisol samples from 18,698 individuals.•Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS) for diurnal... Highlights • The CIRCORT database comprises 104,298 saliva cortisol samples from 18,696 individuals. • Lifespan- and sex-specific reference ranges (LC/MS-MS)... Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Circadian rhythm Circadian Rhythm - physiology Cortisol Datasets as Topic - statistics & numerical data Endocrinology & Metabolism Europe Female Humans Hydrocortisone - metabolism Infant Lifespan Male Middle Aged Psychiatry Reference value Reference Values Saliva Saliva - chemistry Seasons United States Young Adult
Title	The CIRCORT database: Reference ranges and seasonal changes in diurnal salivary cortisol derived from a meta-dataset comprised of 15 field studies
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