Relation between adiposity and vascular events, malignancy and mortality in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease
Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m − 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Wh...
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| Vydáno v: | International Journal of Obesity Ročník 41; číslo 12; s. 1775 - 1781 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.12.2017
Nature Publishing Group |
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| ISSN: | 0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Background:
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m
−
2
) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.
Methods:
During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the
χ
2
-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (
P
-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.
Results:
The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m
2
for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m
−
2
for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42).
Conclusions:
In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m
−
2
relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m−2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.Methods:During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.Results:The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m−2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42).Conclusions:In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m−2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m − 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ 2 -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant ( P -value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m 2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m − 2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m − 2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m.sup.-.sup.2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi].sup.2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m.sup.2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m.sup.-.sup.2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m.sup.-.sup.2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m[sup.-][sup.2]) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi][sup.2]-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value [less than] 0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m[sup.2] for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m[sup.-][sup.2] for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m[sup.-][sup.2] relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. International Journal of Obesity (2017) 41, 1775-1781; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.184; published online 12 September 2017 Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m.sup.-.sup.2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi].sup.2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m.sup.2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m.sup.-.sup.2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m.sup.-.sup.2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m- 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.Methods:During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2 -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.Results:The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m- 2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).Conclusions:In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m- 2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m-2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.BACKGROUNDAbdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m-2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.METHODSDuring a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m-2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).RESULTSThe relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m-2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m-2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m-2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m[sup.-][sup.2]) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi][sup.2]-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value [less than] 0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m[sup.2] for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m[sup.-][sup.2] for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m[sup.-][sup.2] relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Algra, A van der Graaf, Y Visseren, F L J Nathoe, H M Jaspers, N E M Kappelle, L J Dorresteijn, J A N Westerink, J |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: N E M surname: Jaspers fullname: Jaspers, N E M organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 2 givenname: J A N surname: Dorresteijn fullname: Dorresteijn, J A N organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 3 givenname: Y surname: van der Graaf fullname: van der Graaf, Y organization: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 4 givenname: J surname: Westerink fullname: Westerink, J organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 5 givenname: L J surname: Kappelle fullname: Kappelle, L J organization: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 6 givenname: H M surname: Nathoe fullname: Nathoe, H M organization: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 7 givenname: A surname: Algra fullname: Algra, A organization: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 8 givenname: F L J surname: Visseren fullname: Visseren, F L J email: f.l.j.visseren@umcutrecht.nl organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28775374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bone_2018_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1089_met_2020_0064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semcancer_2023_03_008 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_16950_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_orcp_2022_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_orcp_2023_09_004 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41043_025_00980_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hnm_2025_200313 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13088 |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. 2017 COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. 2017. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. 2017 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2017 – notice: Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. 2017. |
| CorporateAuthor | on behalf of the SMART Study Group |
| CorporateAuthor_xml | – name: on behalf of the SMART Study Group |
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| DOI | 10.1038/ijo.2017.184 |
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Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable... Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable... Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable... Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable... |
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| Title | Relation between adiposity and vascular events, malignancy and mortality in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease |
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