Relation between adiposity and vascular events, malignancy and mortality in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease

Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m − 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Wh...

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Vydáno v:International Journal of Obesity Ročník 41; číslo 12; s. 1775 - 1781
Hlavní autoři: Jaspers, N E M, Dorresteijn, J A N, van der Graaf, Y, Westerink, J, Kappelle, L J, Nathoe, H M, Algra, A, Visseren, F L J
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.12.2017
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497
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Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m − 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ 2 -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant ( P -value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m 2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m − 2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m − 2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
AbstractList Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m−2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.Methods:During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.Results:The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m−2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42).Conclusions:In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m−2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m − 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ 2 -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant ( P -value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9–29.3) kg m 2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0–38.2)) kg m − 2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7–134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3–100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27–28 kg m − 2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m.sup.-.sup.2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi].sup.2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m.sup.2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m.sup.-.sup.2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m.sup.-.sup.2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m[sup.-][sup.2]) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. Methods: During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi][sup.2]-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value [less than] 0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. Results: The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m[sup.2] for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m[sup.-][sup.2] for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). Conclusions: In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m[sup.-][sup.2] relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal. International Journal of Obesity (2017) 41, 1775-1781; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.184; published online 12 September 2017
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m.sup.-.sup.2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi].sup.2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m.sup.2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m.sup.-.sup.2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m.sup.-.sup.2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m- 2 ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.Methods:During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2 -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.Results:The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m- 2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).Conclusions:In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m- 2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m ) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ -statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m-2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.BACKGROUNDAbdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m-2) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD.During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.METHODSDuring a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the χ2-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value<0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations.The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m-2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).RESULTSThe relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m2 for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m-2 for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42).In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m-2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m-2 relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). A U-shaped relation between body mass index (BMI, kg m[sup.-][sup.2]) and cardiovascular events is often described. Whether this U-shape persists for abdominal adiposity, and consequently which reference values should guide clinical practice, is unclear. We described the relation between multiple adiposity measurements and risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality in patients with clinically stable CeVD. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 1767 patients were prospectively followed. Relations were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Adiposity was assessed with BMI, waist circumference (stratified by gender) and the contribution of visceral fat to total abdominal fat (VAT%) measured using ultrasound. Relations were nonlinear if the [chi][sup.2]-statistic of the nonlinear term was significant (P-value [less than] 0.05). Nadirs were reported for nonlinear and hazard ratios (HRs) for linear relations. The relations between BMI and outcomes were nonlinear with nadirs ranging between 27.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9-29.3) kg m[sup.2] for vascular mortality and 28.1 (95% CI, 19.0-38.2)) kg m[sup.-][sup.2] for malignancy. The relation between waist circumference and all-cause mortality was nonlinear with a nadir of 84.0 (95% CI, 18.7-134.8) cm for females and 94.8 (95% CI, 80.3-100.1) cm for males. No nonlinearity was detected for VAT%. A 1-s.d. (9.8%) increase in VAT% was related to both vascular (HR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.00-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42). In patients with CeVD, a BMI around 27-28 kg m[sup.-][sup.2] relates to the lowest risk of vascular events, vascular mortality, malignancy and all-cause mortality. However, increasing abdominal adiposity confers a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, whereas traditional BMI cutoffs may be re-evaluated in this population, striving for low abdominal obesity should remain a goal.
Audience Academic
Author Algra, A
van der Graaf, Y
Visseren, F L J
Nathoe, H M
Jaspers, N E M
Kappelle, L J
Dorresteijn, J A N
Westerink, J
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  surname: Dorresteijn
  fullname: Dorresteijn, J A N
  organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht
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  givenname: Y
  surname: van der Graaf
  fullname: van der Graaf, Y
  organization: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht
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  givenname: J
  surname: Westerink
  fullname: Westerink, J
  organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht
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  givenname: L J
  surname: Kappelle
  fullname: Kappelle, L J
  organization: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht
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  givenname: A
  surname: Algra
  fullname: Algra, A
  organization: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht
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  givenname: F L J
  surname: Visseren
  fullname: Visseren, F L J
  email: f.l.j.visseren@umcutrecht.nl
  organization: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28775374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. 2017.
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Snippet Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable...
Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable...
Background: Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable...
Background:Abdominal adiposity is associated with various risk factors including hypertension, and is therefore particularly relevant in patients with stable...
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SubjectTerms 692/308/174
692/499
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692/700/2817
692/700/459
Abdomen
Adipose tissue
Adiposity - physiology
Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index
Body size
Cardiovascular diseases
Cause of Death - trends
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular diseases
Cerebrovascular Disorders - etiology
Cerebrovascular Disorders - mortality
Cerebrovascular Disorders - physiopathology
Chi-square test
Complications and side effects
Confidence intervals
Epidemiology
Female
Hazard assessment
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health risk assessment
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - etiology
Hypertension - mortality
Hypertension - physiopathology
Internal Medicine
Male
Malignancy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Middle Aged
Mortality
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - physiopathology
Nonlinear systems
Nonlinearity
Obesity
Obesity, Abdominal - complications
Obesity, Abdominal - mortality
Obesity, Abdominal - physiopathology
original-article
Patient outcomes
Patients
Prognosis
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Public Health
Reference Values
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Statistical analysis
Statistical models
Statistical tests
Ultrasound
Waist Circumference
Young Adult
Title Relation between adiposity and vascular events, malignancy and mortality in patients with stable cerebrovascular disease
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ijo.2017.184
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