The aging signature: a hallmark of induced pluripotent stem cells?

Summary The discovery that somatic cells can be induced into a pluripotent state by the expression of reprogramming factors has enormous potential for therapeutics and human disease modeling. With regard to aging and rejuvenation, the reprogramming process resets an aged, somatic cell to a more yout...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Aging cell Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 2 - 7
Main Authors: Rohani, Leili, Johnson, Adiv A., Arnold, Antje, Stolzing, Alexandra
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.02.2014
BlackWell Publishing Ltd
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - physiology
Animals
Cellular Reprogramming
Cellular Senescence
differentiation
Embryonic stem cells
epigenetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Genes
Humans
induced pluripotent stem
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism
Mitochondria - metabolism
Oxidative Stress
reprogramming
Review
Stem cells
Telomerase
Telomeres
reprogramming
differentiation
aging
induced pluripotent stem
epigenetic
telomeres
ISSN:1474-9718, 1474-9726, 1474-9726
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Summary The discovery that somatic cells can be induced into a pluripotent state by the expression of reprogramming factors has enormous potential for therapeutics and human disease modeling. With regard to aging and rejuvenation, the reprogramming process resets an aged, somatic cell to a more youthful state, elongating telomeres, rearranging the mitochondrial network, reducing oxidative stress, restoring pluripotency, and making numerous other alterations. The extent to which induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)s mime embryonic stem cells is controversial, however, as iPSCs have been shown to harbor an epigenetic memory characteristic of their tissue of origin which may impact their differentiation potential. Furthermore, there are contentious data regarding the extent to which telomeres are elongated, telomerase activity is reconstituted, and mitochondria are reorganized in iPSCs. Although several groups have reported that reprogramming efficiency declines with age and is inhibited by genes upregulated with age, others have successfully generated iPSCs from senescent and centenarian cells. Mixed findings have also been published regarding whether somatic cells generated from iPSCs are subject to premature senescence. Defects such as these would hinder the clinical application of iPSCs, and as such, more comprehensive testing of iPSCs and their potential aging signature should be conducted.
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ISSN:1474-9718
1474-9726
1474-9726
DOI:10.1111/acel.12182