Fatal Human Infection with Evidence of Intrahost Variation of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Alabama, USA, 2019

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an arbovirus in the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, found in North America and associated with freshwater/hardwood swamps in the Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes regions. EEEV disease in humans is rare but causes substantial illness and death. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 27; no. 7; pp. 1886 - 1892
Main Authors: Hughes, Holly R., Velez, Jason O., Davis, Emily H., Laven, Janeen, Gould, Carolyn V., Panella, Amanda J., Lambert, Amy J., Staples, J. Erin, Brault, Aaron C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Atlanta U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.07.2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subjects:
Case studies
Central nervous system
Disease
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Encephalitis
Epidemiology
Equine encephalomyelitis
Fatal Human Infection with Evidence of Intrahost Variation of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Alabama, USA, 2019
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Global health
Host-virus relationships
immunosuppression
Immunotherapy
Infections
intrahost variation
Lymphoma
Medical laboratories
Monoclonal antibodies
Patient outcomes
Phylogenetics
quasispecies
rituximab
SNV
Swamps
West Nile virus
Zoonoses
Alabama
Florida
United States > US
Massachusetts
ISSN:1080-6040, 1080-6059, 1080-6059
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an arbovirus in the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, found in North America and associated with freshwater/hardwood swamps in the Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes regions. EEEV disease in humans is rare but causes substantial illness and death. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and microevolution of EEEV from a fatal case in Alabama, USA, in 2019, we used next-generation sequencing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Phylogenetic inference indicated that the infecting strain may be closely related to isolates from Florida detected during 2010–2014, suggesting potential seeding from Florida. EEEV detected in serum displayed a higher degree of variability with more single-nucleotide variants than that detected in the CSF. These data refine our knowledge of EEEV molecular epidemiologic dynamics in the Gulf Coast region and demonstrate potential quasispecies bottlenecking within the central nervous system of a human host.
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ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2707.210315